The Miller-Urey experiment provided evidence that abiotic processes could produce organic molecules from inorganic precursors. Examples of the organic molecules synthesized by Miller and Urey include Plasma membranes, Prokaryotic Cells, DNA O Lipids, Carbohydrates, Proteins Aldehydes, Carboxylic Acids, Amino Acids Ammonia, Methane, Hydrogen

The Miller-Urey experiment provided evidence that abiotic processes could produce organic molecules from inorganic precursors. Examples of the organic molecules synthesized by Miller and Urey include Plasma membranes, Prokaryotic Cells, DNA O Lipids, Carbohydrates, Proteins Aldehydes, Carboxylic Acids, Amino Acids Ammonia, Methane, Hydrogen

Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)

15th Edition

ISBN:9781337408332

Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Chapter20: Viruses, Bacteria, And Archaea

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1CT

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Which of the following is not one of the six major elements microbes need tosurvive, grow, and reproduce?a. oxygenb. calciumc. sulfurd. nitrogene. carbon
Your friend's cottage is on a lake that has experienced numerous blooms of cyanobacteria (blue green algae) in recent years. Which chemical is most likely responsible for these blooms? methane phosphorus iron nitrogen carbon dioxide Previous PageNext Page
Which of the following statement is INCORRECT?A. Bacteria can decompose organic nitrogen.B. Biological nitrogen fixation is carried out by bacteria.C. Ammonia, ammonium ion and nitrate ion are examples of biological availablenitrogen.D. Denitrifying bacteria converts atmospheric dinitrogen gas into nitrate ion.E. Nitrification is the process of converting reactive nitrogen into another form ofreactive nitrogen.
If there is no “away” where organisms can get rid oftheir wastes due to the law of conservation of matter,why is the world not filled with waste matter?
Aliivibrio fischeri is a marine bacterium that uses quorum sensing to regulate bioluminescence. These bacteria will only bioluminesce when the population is above a certain density. Why would it be advantageous to bioluminesce only when the population is large?
With antibiotic resistance rising, researchers are lookingfor ways to reduce use of these drugs. Some cattle oncefed antibiotic-laced food now get probiotic feed that canbolster populations of helpful bacteria in the animal’sgut. The idea is that if a large population of beneficialbacteria is in place, then harmful bacteria cannot becomeestablished or thrive. Which ecological principle is guiding this practice?
The noted microbial ecologist Martin W. Beijerinck has stated:“Everything is everywhere, the environment selects.” Use thisconcept to explain what ultimately determines whether amicroorganism can live in a certain habitat.
Antibiotics enter the environment in wastewater from pharmaceutical manufacturing plants, in wastes from farms where they are used in animals, and in sewage from human populations. (Many antibiotics are excreted in their active form.) The influx of antibiotics into the environment is a concern because the presence of these compounds in the environment selects for antibiotic resistance. As pollutants, antibiotics can also have ecological effects. Describe some of the ecological roles of bacteria, and explain why disruption of these roles by antibiotic pollution would have a negative impact.
All organisms can convert __________ to organic nitrogen (nitrogen bound to a carbon), but few organisms can make this same molecule from __________. ANSWER NO3-; NH3 N2; NO3- N2,; NH3 NH3; N2
Suppose you have joined to a lab lately for your undergraduate research and your supervisor isan environmental biotechnologist and interest includes various aspects of microbial diversity.Your supervisor wants you to figure out the following questions:I. What do you want to know about a newly discovered microbe? II. How do you screen that microbe for the presence of nucleic acid? III. What would be the assessment for finding the relationship between the new and alreadyexisting one?
The carbon, phosphorus, and nitrogen cycles all depend on Microbes to some degree. For each one of these elements, name an example of where in a living cell they are needed.
The genus Ferroplasma consists of a few species of acid-loving archaea. One species, F. acidarmanus, was discovered to be the main component of slime streamers (a type of biofilm) deep inside an abandoned California copper mine (Figure 4.11A). F. acidarmanus cells use an ancient energy-harvesting pathway that combines oxygen with ironsulfur compounds in minerals such as pyrite. This reaction dissolves the minerals, so groundwater that seeps into the mine ends up with extremely high concentrations of metal ions such as copper, zinc, cadmium, and arsenic. The reaction also produces sulfuric acid, which lowers the pH of the water around the cells to zero. Despite living in an environment with a composition similar to hot battery acid, F. acidarmanus cells maintain their internal pH at a cozy 5.0. Thus, researchers investigating Ferroplasma metabolic enzymes were surprised to discover that most of the cells enzymes function best at very low pH (Figure 4.11B). A. Deep inside one of the most toxic sites in the United States: Iron Mountain Mine, in California. The water in this stream, which is about 1 meter (3 feet) wide in this photo, is hot (around 40C, or 104F), heavily laden with arsenic and other toxic metals, and has a pH of zero. Slime streamers growing in it are a biofilm dominated by a species of archaea, Ferroplasma acidarmanus. B. pH profiles of four enzymes isolated from F. acidarmus. Researchers had expected these enzymes to function best at the cells cytoplasmic pH (5.0). What does the dashed line signify?