The molecular structure shown here represents which lipid component? monounsaturated fatty acid saturated fatty acid simple lipid trans fatty acid polyunsaturated fatty acid
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- Unlike saturated fatty acids, the tails of unsaturated fatty acids incorporate one or more _______. a. phosphate groups b. glycerols c. double bonds d. single bondsFigure 2.17 Fatty acids. Double bonds in the tails are highlighted in red. A. The tail of stearic acid is fully saturated with hydrogen atoms. B. Linoleic acid, with two double bonds, is unsaturated. The first double bond occurs at the sixth carbon from the end of the tail, so linoleic acid is called an omega-6 fatty acid. Omega-6 and C. omega-3 fatty acids are essential fatty acids, which means your body does not make them and they must come from food. D. The hydrogen atoms around the double bond in oleic acid are on the same side of the tail. Most other naturally occurring unsaturated fatty acids have these cis bonds. E. Hydrogenation creates abundant trans bonds, with hydrogen atoms on opposite sides of the tail. Figure It Out: Are the double bonds in linolenic acid cis or trans?Which of the following statements is incorrect? The rigidity of a saturated fatty acid is based on the strong bonding between sp3-hybridized carbon chains. Glycerophospholipids are the most abundant lipids in cellular membranes. In delta notation of fatty acid nomenclature, the numbering starts at the α-carbon from the carboxylic acid end. Hormones, such as testosterone, estradiol and progesterone are examples of steroidal lipids.
- Give the carbon skeleton notation for an example of each of the following types of fatty acids. In each case, design your fatty acid with 18 total carbons. a) Monounsaturated fatty acid b) PUFA c) Omega-3 fatty acid d) Saturated fatty acid.Draw the following Lipids in: A) Condensed (detailed) Structure, B) its Block Diagram.C) Show/Indicate the type of linkages per structure (put an arrow). 2) Triacylglycerol (use glycerol, 3 fatty acids consisting of stearic acid, palmitic acid, and linolenic acid);S-palmitoylation is an example of a lipid modification, where the fatty acid forms a thioester with a cysteine residue. What is the structure of an alkynyl S-palmitoylated protein? (You can draw the main part of the protein as a blob)
- Provide an explanation for the fact that most fatty acids are16 or 18 carbons long.Draw the following Lipids in: A) Condensed (detailed) Structure, B) its Block Diagram.C) Show/Indicate the type of linkages per structure (put an arrow). 3) Glycerophospholipid (use glycerol, 2 stearic acid, phosphate, and serine for its amino alcohol)Examine the membrane lipid pictured below and answer the following questions: a. Is this lipid classified as a phospholipid or a glycolipid? Explain your answer in two sentences.b. Is this lipid considered a sphingolipid or a glycerophospholipid? Justify your answer in two sentences. c. What fatty acid chains are used in this lipid? Are they saturated or unsaturated? What functional group enables them to connect to the backbone?
- Rank the melting points of the following fatty acids from highest to lowest: (1) cis-oleic(18:1) (original cis configuration) (2) trans-oleic (18:1) (transformed to trans configuration) (3) linoleic (18:2) (4) stearic (18:0) (5) palmitic (16:0)Draw the following Lipids in A) Condensed (detailed) Structure, B) its Block Diagram.C) Show/Indicate the type of linkages per structure (put an arrow) 1) Triacylglycerol (use glycerol, 3 fatty acids consisting of stearic acid, palmitic acid, and linolenic acid);2) Glycerophospholipid (use glycerol, 2 stearic acid, phosphate, and serine for its amino alcohol);3) Sphingolipid/Sphingophospholipid (use sphingosine, myristic acid, phosphate, and choline for amino alcohol); 4) Glycosphingolipid/Sphingoglycolipid (use sphingosine, stearic acid, and D-galactose); 5) Cholesterol ( use steroid fused ring system with -OH group at C3, double bond at C5, 2 methyl group at C10 & C13, and an 8-Carbon branched side chain at C17)The diversity of functional groups on sugars that can form glycosidicbonds greatly increases the information content of glycans relative to oligopeptides. Consider three amino acids, A, B, and C. How many tripeptides can be formed from one molecule of each amino acid? Now considerthree sugars—glucose, glucuronic acid, and N-acetylglucosamine. Use shorthand (e.g., Glcα(1 → 4)GlcUAβ(1 → 4)GlcNAc to represent 10 trisaccharides with the sequence Glc-GlcUA-GluNAc. Is your list exhaustive?
