Provide an explanation for the fact that most fatty acids are16 or 18 carbons long.

Q: What is the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated fatty acid?

A: The fatty acids are the carboxylic acids,  which are attached with the aliphatic carbon chain having…

Q: Name one example of each type of fatty acid from the following type.  Saturated fatty acid, PUFA,…

A: Biomolecules are organic molecules present in living organisms. There are mainly four biomolecules.…

Q: Explain the hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids.

A: Fatty acids are the building blocks of fat, which is one of the three essential macronutrients for…

Q: Define glycolipids.

A: Glycolipids are the lipids with carbohydrate attached by glycosidic covalent bond Their role is to…

Q: Describe the basic structure of an amino acid. State which part of the amino acid makes it unique.

A: Amino acids are the organic molecules which makes the building blocks for the proteins . Amino acids…

Q: Draw the structure of the omega-6 fatty acid 16:1.

A: Omega 6 fatty acids are unsaturated fats which are found in vegetable oils, sunflower oils, soybean…

Q: Describe the biological significance of cholesterol.

A: Introduction: Cholesterol is a 27 carbon compound with a hydrocarbon tail, a central nucleus…

Q: Draw the structure of the following fatty acids: (a) Stearic acid (b) Arachidonic acid

A:

Q: Why are polyunsaturated omega 3 fatty acids deemed beneficial to human health? Justify such events…

A: Polyunsaturated fatty acids contain at least two double bonds in their backbone. They also comprise…

Q: Show the structure of Oxycodone

A: Oxycodone is semi-synthetic, a morphine-like opioid alkaloid. It has analgesic activity. It is a…

Q: Identify what is the name of this fatty acid.

A: A fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic chain. The unbranched…

Q: Describe the two general metabolic fates of the carbon skeletons of amino acids.

A: Amino acids are biomolecules that are used to biosynthesize proteins. Several amino acids are joined…

Q: Briefly describe how monosaccharides like glucose and fructose assume or transform into its…

A: It is asked to briefly describe how monosaccharides like glucose and fructose assume or transform…

Q: List the steps required for the cell to incorporate NH3 into aminoacids.

A: The amino acid plays a major role in the biological processes of all organisms and it acts as a…

Q: Briefly describe the structural differences for each pair listed: A) Glycogen and Cellulose   B)…

A: Glycogen is the form in which glucose is stored in bacteria, fungi and animals. In humans, glycogen…

Q: Explain the effect of a double bond on the shape of fatty acids.

A: Introduction: A fatty acid is made up of a straight chain of an even or odd number of carbon atoms,…

Q: Describe what amyloids are, how they form, and why they might be more stable than a natively folded…

A: Amyloid refers to extracellular, proteinaceous, abnormal fibrous deposits found in organs and…

Q: Why "cellulose is composed of a long, branced chain of B-glucose subunits" is false?

A: Introduction Polysaccharides, also known as polycarbohydrates, are the most common type of…

Q: what is the mechansim for esterification in fatty acids

A: The esterification of fatty acids happens when fatty acids react with alcohol to form fatty acid…

Q: Why is lactose a reducing sugar while sucrose is a non-reducing sugar? Explain clearly.…

A: Any carbohydrate that reacts with an oxidizing agent to form an aldonic acid is called as reducing…

Q: The main fatty acid component of the triacylglycerols in coconut oil is lauric acid, CH3(CH,)10COOH.…

A: A balanced diet must contain a small amount of fat. It is very essential for maintaining a good…

Q: For the determination of fatty acid composition, transesterification is done in a warm aqueous…

A: Transesterification refers to the reaction of esters with alcohol and carboxylic acids. These are…

Q: Is the statement "elongation is the process of introducing double bond in fatty acid", correct?

A: Fatty acid Elongation is the process in which  to make fatty acids longer than 16 carbons occurs in…

Q: Suggest a reason why trans fatty acids have melting points similar to analogous saturated fatty…

A: Fatty acids are considered as the long hydrocarbon chain of the carboxylic acid of lipids or fats.

Q: Why are saturated fatty acids considered as bad fat while monounsaturated fatty acids are considered…

A: A saturated fatty acid is a type of fat in which fatty acids have predominantly single bond where as…

Q: Define the term anomeric carbon. In glucose, which carbon is the anomeric carbon?

A: Glucose is a monosaccharide. It contains a carbonyl group and six carbons. It is the primary source…

Q: In a TPN bag contains: Kcal of 1000 ml of D50 W, 1000 ml of 7% amino acids, and 650 ml of 20%…

A: Exact Calorific Infusion into the dietary pattern of critically ill patients is essential for a…

Q: How does the degree of unsaturation and structure of fats affects its functionality, for example in…

A: Fats are essential macronutrients. There are several forms of dietary fat, and some are far more…

Q: Define omega-3 fatty acid.

A: Omega-3 fatty acid are polyunsaturated fatty acids characterised by the presence of a double bond,…

Q: Give the lipid number for the following fatty acid:

A: The numbers are typically presented in the following template = (number of carbons in fatty acid…

Q: List down the physiological significance of each of the 20 amino acids.

A: Amino acids:  a. Amino acids are the building units of protein and other biomolecules. b. The key…

Q: Draw the structure of a disaccharide unit in a polysaccharide composed of d-glucose linked a(1,4)…

A: A disaccharide is an oligosaccharde unit that was composed of two monosaccharide units joined by a…

Q: Explain the role of lactose in structure ?

A: Lactose is the primary sugar (or carbohydrate) found naturally in milk and dairy. Lactose is made up…

Q: Provide a three-dimensional structure of four C18 fatty acids ?

A: Fatty acids are the primary components of lipids. It is made up of a linear carbon chain and a…

Q: In monounsaturated fatty acids, the presence of a double bond is usually found at the position…

A: Depending on the presence of double or single bond the fatty acids are classified as unsaturated and…

Q: Describe the characteristics of fatty acids and fatty acid esters.

A: Fatty acids are made up of lipid chains. In membrane of the cell, they can be found as glycolipids…

Q: Draw the structure of a disaccharide unit in a polysaccharide composed of D-glucose linked to α(1,4)…

A: Glucose and galactose are hexose (containing six carbons) monosaccharide’s and are epimers…

Q: Describe the structure of a fatty acid and explain how it is named

A: A fatty acid is the simplest form of lipids that is a long hydrocarbon chain attached to the…

Q: Account for the origin of the term carbohydrate

A: Carbohydrates are a naturally occurring compound defined as polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones which…

Q: Does the location of the -OH group in a monosaccharide affect its function/bioactivity? Why or why…

A: There two types of anomers in a monosaccharide. Alpha and beta anomers, the C1 atom of the carbon…

Q: Draw the open-chain structure of a ketoheptose.

A: Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehyde and ketones which are associated with reducing property.the…

Q: Carbons in a ribose or deoxyribose are numbered by ________

A: Nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA, contain genetic information and information about protein…

Q: Account for the different structures of glycogen and cellulose.

A: Introduction: Carbohydrates are macromolecules that are comprised of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon…

Q: Why do most fatty acids have an even number of carbon atoms ?

A: Most fatty acids are even-chained, e.g. stearic and oleic , meaning they are composed of an even…

Q: describe how monosaccharides like glucose and fructose assume or transform into its corresponding…

A: It is asked to describe how monosaccharides like glucose and fructose assume or transform into its…

Q: Explain why cholesterol is not saponifiable.

A: Cholesterol : It is a waxy, fat-like substance that's found in all the cells in your body. your body…

Metabolic pathways

Metabolism is defined as the group of life-supporting, enzyme-mediated chemical reactions in organisms. A metabolic pathway is a set of these chemical reactions that involve anabolism (synthesis of complex biomolecules) and catabolism (breakdown of biomolecules into small molecules) that occur inside a cell. Metabolites are the reacting substances, products, and intermediate substances of an enzymatic process that are altered by a series of chemical events catalyzed by enzymes.