The process safety relies on multiple layers of protection. An inherent safe plant depends on chemistry and physics to prevent accidents rather than on special systems, operating procedures .In which of the inherently safer design strategy applies to each of the following and why ? Propylene oxidation process instead of Reppe process for manufacture of acrylic esters Storing anhydrous ammonia as a refrigerated liquid instead of as a liquefied gas iii. Eliminate interconnections to reduce the likelihood of inadvertent mixing Using in solution such that the solute would boil off before a runaway reaction temperature was achieved A valve that requires 10 turns to close is replaced by a quarter- turn valve. The trays on a distillation column are replaced by structured packing, which operates over a wider range of operating conditions vii. A plant stores a large quantity of a hazardous intermediate chemical to keep the plant operating during upsets in the upstream process. The intermediate storage is eliminated and the process reliability is improved to prevent upsets and downtime. viii. An alternative reaction pathway is used that involves less hazardous raw materials. A flammable solvent is used to control the temperature in a reactor. The solvent is replaced by a non-flammable solvent. The equipment in a process can withstand 10 bar gauge (barg) of pressure even though the actual process operates normally at 5 barg. The pressure relief valve opening pressure is reduced from 10 barg to 8 barg.

Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics

8th Edition

ISBN:9781259696527

Author:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart

Publisher:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart

Chapter1: Introduction

Section: Chapter Questions

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The process safety relies on multiple layers of protection. An inherent safe plant depends on chemistry and physics to prevent accidents rather than on special systems, operating procedures .In which of the inherently safer design strategy applies to each of the following and why ?

Propylene oxidation process instead of Reppe process for manufacture of acrylic esters
Storing anhydrous ammonia as a refrigerated liquid instead of as a liquefied gas

iii. Eliminate interconnections to reduce the likelihood of inadvertent mixing

Using in solution such that the solute would boil off before a runaway reaction temperature was achieved
A valve that requires 10 turns to close is replaced by a quarter- turn valve.
The trays on a distillation column are replaced by structured packing, which operates over a wider range of operating conditions

vii. A plant stores a large quantity of a hazardous intermediate chemical to keep the plant operating during upsets in the upstream process. The intermediate storage is eliminated and the process reliability is improved to prevent upsets and downtime.

viii. An alternative reaction pathway is used that involves less hazardous raw materials.

A flammable solvent is used to control the temperature in a reactor. The solvent is replaced by a non-flammable solvent.
The equipment in a process can withstand 10 bar gauge (barg) of pressure even though the actual process operates normally at 5 barg. The pressure relief valve opening pressure is reduced from 10 barg to 8 barg.

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