the profit after selling each kg and before taxes is 0.04$. Calculate a- the break-even point as a fraction or as a percentage of the total production capacity. b- Calculate the net profit if the taxes were 50%of the gross profit.
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- What is an externality?Suppose you are considering whether to purchase a house off of Lake Erie for $400,000. You expect thetotal costs of maintaining the property (utilities, repairs, etc.) to equal $15,000/year, and that you would be able togenerate $35,000/year in revenue if you were to put the house on the short term rental market.a. (3) Suppose you are deciding between purchasing the home or whether to invest $400,000 in an interest-bearingaccount. If your objective is to maximize your own net income, what would the interest rate have to equal for youto invest in the interest-bearing account?b. (4) Suppose you decide to buy the house, and now you have to decide whether/when to list the house on theshort term rental market (like Airbnb) or stay in the house yourself. Briefly explain what this decision woulddepend on. What are the implicit (opportunity) costs associated with renting the house to someone else on a givenday? What are the implicit costs associated with the staying in the house yourself?c.…Imagine a scenic canyon, visited by many local people as well as tourists from beyondthe local area. Consider a scenario in which a mining company has proposed to the localauthority that it be closed to the public and put into the production of coal. Thinking interms of economics as a way of adjudicating the relative value of one use of the canyon overthe other, what would you need to know in order to make a comparison or assessment?What kinds of quantitative data would inform your decision, and where might they comefrom? What kinds of things might you need to know that are hard to measure? Once youhave listed the kinds of information and data that might be available to inform this decision, do you think it would be sufficient to making this decision, why or why not?
- A town is endowed with an oil reserve. The total stock of oil from the reserve is 110 barrels. The townmust sell all 110 barrels within two time periods, so the quantity extracted will be q1 + q2 = 110, whereq1, for example, is the quantity extracted in period 1. The price per barrel that the town can sell theoil for is pt= 150 −10/11 qt in each period. There is a constant cost of extraction c = 50, such that theresource rent earned by each barrel in each period is πt= pt−c. If the interest rate is 20%, how muchoil will the town extract in period 1 and in period 2 (what should q1 and q2 be) if it wanted to extractefficiently (i.e. maximize profits)?The marginal benefit of being able to emit a ton of sulphur dioxide emissions for twofirms are given by:MBX = 320 – ( Ex / 3 )MBY = 500 – ( Ey / 2 )Note that these marginal benefit figures can be interpreted as marginal cost of abatingemission down to levels Ex and Ey.Government regulators want to reduce total sulfur dioxide emissions to a total of 1200tons.a) If the government imposes the same standard of 600 tons maximum emissions onboth firms what would be the total cost of abatement (calculated as the aggregatedmarginal benefits forgone)?b) If the government distributed 600 tradable pollution permits to each firm whatwould be the final allocation of these permits after the firms trade them? Whatwould be the total cost of abatement in this latter case?A company is considering building a bridge across ariver. The bridge would cost $2 million to build andnothing to maintain. The following table shows thecompany’s anticipated demand over the lifetime ofthe bridge:Price per CrossingNumber of Crossings,in Thousands$8 07 1006 2005 3004 4003 5002 6001 7000 800a. If the company were to build the bridge, whatwould be its profit-maximizing price? Would thatlevel of output be efficient? Why or why not?b. If the company is interested in maximizing profit,should it build the bridge? What would be itsprofit or loss?c. If the government were to build the bridge, whatprice should it charge?d. Should the government build the bridge?Explain.
- A university spent $2 million to install solar panels atop a parking garage. These panels will have a capacity of 700 kilowatts (kW) and have a life expectancy of 20 years. Suppose that the discount rate is 20%, that electricity can be purchased at $0.10 per kilowatt-hour (kWh), and that the marginal cost of electricity production using the solar panels is zero. Hint: It may be easier to think of the present value of operating the solar panels for 1 hour per year first. Approximately how many hours per year will the solar panels need to operate to enable this project to break even? 8,214.28 5,867.34 2,346.94 4,693.87 If the solar panels can operate only for 5,281 hours a year at maximum, the project break even. Continue to assume that the solar panels can operate only for 5,281 hours a year at maximum. In order for the project to be worthwhile (i.e., at least break even), the university would need a grant of at least blank10--Two workers work one hour each to obtain 750 grams of yarn from 1.2 kg of cotton. The total cost of the inputs is 100 TL, while the total value of the output is calculated as 120 TL. Accordingly, which of the following is the total efficiency?A) 0.625B) 1.2C) NoneD) 1.6E) 0.833Suppose you have inherited a few acres of landfrom a relative and you are considering what to dowith your inheritance. A farmer with land next toyours offers to buy your acres so he can expand hisgrazing area. How will you decide whether to sellyour land to the farmer? What factors should youconsider?
