The results of the study of the occurrence of tuberculosis (TB) in a village in Malawi are given in the table below. All individuals in the village were examined during two surveys made one year apart. Assume that there were no deaths in the village during the year. Assume that new cases of TB were distributed evenly over time. Children born after the first survey were excluded from the secondary survey. There was no immigration and no emigration. There were two religious groups in the village. First surveySecond SurveyReligion GroupNumber of cases of TB observedNumber of persons free of TBTotal PopulationNumber of new cases of TBPopulation at risk of TBA10050005100105000B7510000100752510000A+B17515000151753515000 Two surveys were carried out to determine incidence of TB. Why were two surveys required? What would one call the first and second surveys? What are the appropriate measure for each survey?What was the prevalence proportion of tuberculosis in the village at the first survey overall and in each religion group?What is the most appropriate measure to compare disease occurrence between the two groups?What was the incidence rate of TB overall and in the two religion groups?Assuming a steady state, give an estimate of the average duration of cases of TB in the village. Show units in your calculations. Give the conditions that are required for steady state to be present.What was the relative risk of acquiring TB in the religion group A relative to religion group B?Consider the exposed group to be religion group B. What was the population attributable risk of tuberculosis?

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1st Edition

ISBN:9780547587776

Author:HOLT MCDOUGAL

Publisher:HOLT MCDOUGAL

Chapter11: Data Analysis And Probability

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8CR

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The results of the study of the occurrence of tuberculosis (TB) in a village in Malawi are given in the table below. All individuals in the village were examined during two surveys made one year apart. Assume that there were no deaths in the village during the year. Assume that new cases of TB were distributed evenly over time. Children born after the first survey were excluded from the secondary survey. There was no immigration and no emigration. There were two religious groups in the village.

	First survey	Second Survey
Religion Group	Number of cases of TB observed	Number of persons free of TB	Total Population	Number of new cases of TB	Population at risk of TB
A	100	5000	5100	10	5000
B	75	10000	10075	25	10000
A+B	175	15000	15175	35	15000

Two surveys were carried out to determine incidence of TB. Why were two surveys required? What would one call the first and second surveys? What are the appropriate measure for each survey?
What was the prevalence proportion of tuberculosis in the village at the first survey overall and in each religion group?
What is the most appropriate measure to compare disease occurrence between the two groups?
What was the incidence rate of TB overall and in the two religion groups?
Assuming a steady state, give an estimate of the average duration of cases of TB in the village. Show units in your calculations. Give the conditions that are required for steady state to be present.
What was the relative risk of acquiring TB in the religion group A relative to religion group B?
Consider the exposed group to be religion group B. What was the population attributable risk of tuberculosis?