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- 6. Give one advantage of contact printing over proximity printing. Giveone disadvantage of contact printing compared to proximity printing. 7. A pattern is to be printed using deep UV radiation for the exposure.Should the mask material be made of glass or quartz? Why? 8. Pattern resolution is increased by decreasing exposure wavelength. Ifa projection printer is used, will the objective lens need to be redesigned?Why or why not? 9. In a clean room rated at class 1000, on the average, how many particles percubic meter are there? Assume a particle size of 1 um. 10. After exposing a resist, why is it a good idea to bake the resist? 11. When positive resist is exposed, what happens to its solubility? 12.With respect to transferring a pattern to the resist, what is meant byresolution? 13.What kind of cleaning process is best suited for a wafer before it isoxidized?A 25.0 mL aliquot was taken from a 500.0 mL sample of tonic water containing an unknown amount of quinine and diluted to a volume of 200 mL. At 347.5 nm, the fluorescence intensity of the diluted sample was measured 85.7 an arbitrary scale. Under similar conditions, a 27.5 ppm standard quinine solution had a fluorescence intensity of 185. Calculate the mass of quinine in the original tonic water sample in mg. Do not include units in your answer.In determining the amount of copper and the identity of the copper compound in the unknown sample, a 100-mL solution containing 120.8 mg of the sample was initially prepared. Then, 5.00 mL of this solution was pipetted and diluted with deionized water in another 100-mL volumetric flask. The absorbance of this diluted solution was determined three times at the analytical wavelength. The concentration of Cu is 12.0123 mg/L, what is the mass of Cu in the analyzed solution? the mass of Cu in the unknown sample?
- Quality assurance. Tin can be leached (dissolved) into canned foods from the tin-plated steel can. (a) For analysis by inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission, food is digested by microwave heating in a Teflon bomb (Figure 2-18) in three steps with HNO3, H2O2, and HCl. CsCl is added to the final solution at a concentration of 1 g/L. What is the purpose of the CsCl?In order to measure riboflavin in a breakfast cereal, a 5.00-gram sample of the cereal was extracted with acetic acid and filtered. The extract was transferred to a 50.0 mL volumetric flask and diluted to the mark. The sample was transferred to a cuvette and the fluorescence was measured. The instrument read 59 units (Fluorescence units –an arbitrary scale). 24.00 mL of the cereal extract was sample was mixed with 1.0 mL of a riboflavin standard that was 0.500 ug/mL. The fluorescence of this mixture was measured and read 94 fluorescence units. Calculate the concentration of riboflavin per gram of cereal (use µg/gram of cereal).Quinine in a 1.553-g antimalarial tablet was dissolved in sufficient 0.10 M HCl to give 250 mL of solution.A 10.00-mL aliquot was then diluted to 50.00 mL with the acid. The fluorescence intensity for the dilutedsample at 347.5 nm provided a reading of 196 on an arbitrary scale. A standard 100-ppm quinine solutionregistered 125 when measured under conditions identical to those for the diluted sample. Calculate the massin milligrams of quinine in the tablet.
- Suppose that you are trying to measure the concentration of SO2 in air. To do that, you followed the para-rosaniline method. The SO2 was collected in a 10-ml solution of HgCl4 2- then diluted to 25 ml after the addition of the appropriate reagents. The absorbance owas measured at 650 nm in a 2.0-cm cell, yielding a value of 0.535. A standard sample was prepared by substituting a 1.00 mL sample of a standard solution containing the equivalent of 15.00 ppm SO2 for the airsample. The absorbance of the standard is found out to be 0.191. Report the concentration of SO2 in the air in parts per million. The density of air is 1.19 g/LA certain mixture of gasoline obtained from a petroleum refinery plant was found to contain only isooctane (C8H18; FM = 114.22), methyl tert-butyl ether (C5H12O; FM = 88.15), and tetraethyl lead (C8H20Pb; FM = 323.4), a gasoline preservative. Upon complete combustion of 0.4582 g sample, it was found out that the mass of the CO2 (FM = 44.01) absorbent increases by 1.0702 g, while the mass of residue PbO (FM = 223.2) was determined to be 0.0964 g. From this data, calculate the following: a. % (w/w) C8H18b. % (w/w) C5H12Oc. % (w/w) C8H20Pbd. % (w/w) Pb (FM = 207.2) Answer a to c onlyA certain mixture of gasoline obtained from a petroleum refinery plant was found to contain only isooctane (C8H18; FM = 114.22), methyl tert-butyl ether (C5H12O; FM = 88.15), and tetraethyl lead (C8H20Pb; FM = 323.4), a gasoline preservative. Upon complete combustion of 0.4582 g sample, it was found out that the mass of the CO2 (FM = 44.01) absorbent increases by 1.0702 g, while the mass of residue PbO (FM = 223.2) was determined to be 0.0964 g. From this data, calculate the following: a. % (w/w) C8H18b. % (w/w) C5H12Oc. % (w/w) C8H20Pbd. % (w/w) Pb (FM = 207.2) Answer Letter D only
- A certain mixture of gasoline obtained from a petroleum refinery plant was found to contain only isooctane (C8H18; FM=114.22), methyl tert-butyl ether (C5H12O); FM=88.15), and tetraethyl lead (C8H20Pb; FM=323.4), a gasoline preservative. Upon complete combustion of 0.4582 g sample, it was found out that the mass of the CO2 (FM = 44.01) absorbent increases by 1.0702 g, while the mass of residue PbO (FM = 223.2) was determined to be 0.0964 g. From this data, calculate the following: a. % (w/w) C8H18b. % (w/w) C5H12Oc. % (w/w) C8H20PbTo quantify the Cadmium content in a water sample, 5 aliquots of 10 mL were taken, adding to each one of them a volume of a standard solution of Cd (2 mg / mL); after the addition the final volume for all solutions was 50 mL. The absorbance reading was taken in an Atomic Absorption spectrophotometer, the data recorded were: Aliquot 1 2 3 4 5 Cd solution (mL) 0 1 2 3 4 Absorbance 0.163 0.240 0.319 0.402 0.478 Calculate the ppm of Cd.Caffeine is a common organic molecule found in many beverages such as coffee, tea,and cola. It is a stimulant to the central nervous system. That is why many students drink coffee or soda to help them feel alert.Like many conjugated organic molecules, caffeine absorbs radiation with a wavelength around 260 nm.In this analysis, the class of Ms Judy determined the caffeinecontentin Red Bull energy drinkusing UV-vis spectroscopy a. .Construct a calibration curve. b.What is the concentration of caffeine in the unknown sample? c. Complete the table