The Short Run Phillips Curve describes what? A predictable negative relationship between the output gap and the unemployment rate When the output gap is negative (a recessionary gap), the unemployment rate is above the natural rate. O A positive output gap implies an unemployment rate below the natural rate of unemployment. The negative short-run relationship between the unemployment rate and the inflation rate.

The Short Run Phillips Curve describes what? A predictable negative relationship between the output gap and the unemployment rate When the output gap is negative (a recessionary gap), the unemployment rate is above the natural rate. O A positive output gap implies an unemployment rate below the natural rate of unemployment. The negative short-run relationship between the unemployment rate and the inflation rate.

Principles of Economics (MindTap Course List)

8th Edition

ISBN:9781305585126

Author:N. Gregory Mankiw

Publisher:N. Gregory Mankiw

Chapter35: The Short-Run Trade-off Between Inflation And Unemployment

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2PA

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Consider the expectations adjusted Phillips’s curve and assume that expected inflation is given by πet = πt-1. Suppose that unemployment is initially equal to the natural rate and that π=10%. The central bank decides that inflation is too high and that, starting in year t, it will maintain the unemployment rate 1% point above the natural rate until the inflation rate has decreased to 2%. (a) What is the sacrifice ratio in this economy [Hint: the sacrifice ratio is the percentage of a year’s excess unemployment needed to reduce inflation by 1%. For a Philips curve given as πet − πt −1 = −α (ut − un ), the sacrifice ratio is 1/α]? (b) Compute the rate of inflation for year t, t+1, t+2, t+3, …, t+8. (c) For how many years must the central bank keep the unemployment rate above the natural rate of unemployment? Is the implied sacrifice ratio consistent with your answer to (a)?
An economy has the following equation for the Phillips Curve: π = Eπ − 0.5(u − 6)People form expectations of inflation by taking a weighted average of the previous two years of inflation: Okun’s law for this economy is: Eπ = 0.7π−1 + 0.3π−2 (Y −Y−1)/(Y-1)=3.0−2.0(u−u−1) Th economy begins at its natural rate of unemployment with a stable inflation rate of 5 percent. 1. What is the natural rate of unemployment for this economy? 2. Graph the short-run tradeoff between inflation and unemployment that this economy faces. Label the point where the economy begins as A. 3. A fall in aggregate demand leads to a recession, causing the unemployment rate to rise 4 percentage points above its natural rate. On your graph, label the point the economy experiences that year as point B.
Assume that the cconomy of Country X his an actual unemployment rate of 7%, a natural rate of unemployment of 5%, and an inflation rate of 3%. Using the numerical values given above, draw a correctly labeled graph of the short-run and long-run Phillips curves. Label the current short-run equilibrium as point B. Plot the numerical values above onthe graph. Assume that the government of Country X takes no policy action to reduce unemployment. In the long run, will each of the following shill to the right, shift to the left, or remain the same? (i) Short-run aggregate supply curve. Explain. (ii) Long-run Phillips curve Identify a fiscal policy action that could be used to reduce the unemployment rate in the short run. Draw a correctly labeled graph of aggregate demand and short-run aggregate supply, and show the impact on the equilibrium price level and real gross domestic product (GDP) of the fiscal policy action identified
1. An economy has the following equation for the Phillips Curve: π = Eπ − 0.5(u − 6)People form expectations of inflation by taking a weighted average of the previous two years of inflation: Okun’s law for this economy is: Eπ = 0.7π−1 + 0.3π−2 (Y −Y−1)/(Y-1)=3.0−2.0(u−u−1) Th economy begins at its natural rate of unemployment with a stable inflation rate of 5 percent. Graph the short-run tradeoff between inflation and unemployment that this economy faces. Label the point where the economy begins as A. (Be sure to give numerical values for point A.) A fall in aggregate demand leads to a recession, causing the unemployment rate to rise 4 percentage points above its natural rate. On your graph in part (b), label the point the economy experiences that year as point B.(Be sure to give numerical values.) Unemployment remains at this high level for two years (the initial year described in part (c) and one more), after which it returns to its natural rate. Create a table showing…
Suppose the long-run Phillips curve shifts to the right. For any given rate of money growth and inflation, how would unemployment and output change? a. Unemployment would be higher, and output would be lower. b. Unemployment would be higher, and output would be higher. c. Unemployment would be lower, and output would be lower. d. Unemployment would be lower, and output would be higher.
Suppose that the government in the economy of the diagram below regards 9 percent unemployment as unacceptable. If the government insists on reducing the unemployment rate from 9 percent to 7 percent, regardless of the consequences, thena. pressure will build in the economy to continuously reduce the rate of inflation.b. the long-run Phillips curve becomes horizontal, freezing the rates of inflation and unemployment.c. the inflation rate will increase but the unemployment rate will stay at 7 percent.d. in the long run the rate of unemployment remains unchanged, but inflation will likely accelerate. Give explanations for the correct one
Do the expected inflation rate and natural unemployment rate remain constant along the short-run Phillips curve? Along the short-run Phillips curve, _______. A. the expected inflation rate rises as the natural unemployment rate rises B. the expected inflation rate is constant and the natural unemployment rate varies C. the expected inflation rate and the natural unemployment rate are constant D. the expected inflation rate rises as the natural unemployment rate falls thank ss
The importance of using rather than saving your ammunition in the presence of the zero lower bound. Suppose inflation is described by the accelerations Phillips curve, and that output is determined by a simple IS curveInitially, the central bank is setting the nominal interest rate at a strictly positive level: i(0) > 0. Assume(a) Suppose the central bank keeps i constant at i (0). Sketch the behavior of inflation and output over time.(b) Suppose the central bank keeps i constant at i (0) until some time when bπ(t) < 0, and then permanently reduces i to zero. Sketch the behavior of inflation and output over time.(c) Suppose the central bank permanently reduces i to zero at t = 0. Sketch the behavior of inflation and output over time.(d) Explain your results intuitively.
To say that the natural rate of unemployment changes over time is to say that a. the long-run Phillips curve shifts over time. b. the Federal Reserve influences the natural rate of unemployment over time. c. the aggregate demand curve shifts over time. d. the short-run Phillips curve shifts over time.
MA4. 13. If the equation for a country's Phillips curve is π = 0.05 – 0.8(u – 0.05), where π is the rate of inflation and u is the unemployment rate, what is the short-run inflation rate when unemployment is 3 percent (0.03)? A) .066 B) -.056 C) -.066 D) .056 11. The aggregate supply equation is Y = Y + α(P – EP). Assume that Y is 2,000, α = 200, P = 1.12 and EP = 1.00. What is the value of Y? A) 2,232 B) 2,024 C) 2,400 D) 2,012 9. If policymakers announce in advance how policy will respond to various situations but then renege on their announcements, this a problem of: A) policy by rule. B) policy by discretion. C) time inconsistency of policy. D) monetary policy. 10. According to the sticky-price model, output will be above the natural level if: A) firms expect a high price level and the demand for goods is high. B) the proportion of firms with flexible prices equals the proportion of firms with sticky prices. C) the price level is above the…
“Households decide to save a larger share of their income will shift aggregatedemand curve upward because higher saving will boost investment which inturn increase the demand for investment goods.” Do you agree with thestatement? Explain your choice. e. Graphically derive short run Phillips curve with the help of aggregate demand and supply model.
4: Suppose that a fall in consumer spending causes a recession.a) Illustrate the immediate change in the economy using both an aggregate-supply/aggregate demanddiagram and a Phillips-curve diagram. On both graphs, label the initial long-run equilibrium as point Aand the resulting short-run equilibrium as point B. What happens to inflation and unemployment in theshort run?