The simultaneous-move game G is player twice, with the outcome of the first stage observed before the second stage begins. There is no discounting. Find out the subgame- perfect outcome. With pareto improvement in your mind, can you revisit the subgame- perfect outcome you just found. Is there an improved subgame-perfect outcome? Explain how you get it. L2 M2 R2 P2 Q2 L1 1,1 5,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 M1 0,5 4,4 0,0 0,0 0,0 R1 0,0 0,0 3,3 0,0 0,0 P1 0,0 0,0 0,0 4, 1/2 0,0 Q1 0,0 0,0 00 0,0 0,0 12,4
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- Q56 A Nash equilibrium is an outcome... a. Achieved by cooperation between players in the game. b. That is achieved by collusion where no party has an incentive to change their behaviour. c. Where each player's strategy depends on the behaviour of its opponents. d. That is achieved when players in the game have jointly maximized profits and divided those profits according to market share of each player. e. Where each player's best strategy is to maintain its present behaviour given the present behaviour of the other players.Find all NE of the stage game.(b) Consider a two-period game without discounting in which the stage game is played ineach period. Find all pure strategy SPNE.(c) What’s the min-max payoff of each player?(c1) Consider pure strategies only.(c2) Consider all strategies, including the mixed ones.(d) Now suppose the stage game is repeated infinitely many times. Use the Fudenberg-Maskin Folk theorem to find all possible values of payoff that can be supported as aSPNE.The mixed stratergy nash equalibrium consists of : the probability of firm A selecting October is 0.692 and probability of firm A selecting December is 0.309. The probability of firm B selecting October is 0.5 and probability of firm selecting December is 0.5. In the equilibrium you calculated above, what is the probability that both consoles are released in October? In December? What are the expected payoffs of firm A and of firm B in equilibrium?
- When a famous painting becomes available for sale, it is often known which museum or collector will be the likely winner. Yet, the auctioneer actively woos representatives of other museums that have no chance of winning to attend anyway. Suppose a piece of art has recently become available for sale and will be auctioned off to the highest bidder, with the winner paying an amount equal to the second highest bid. Assume that most collectors know that Valerie places a value of $15,000 on the art piece and that she values this art piece more than any other collector. Suppose that if no one else shows up, Valerie simply bids $15,000/2=$7,500 and wins the piece of art. The expected price paid by Valerie, with no other bidders present, is $________.. Suppose the owner of the artwork manages to recruit another bidder, Antonio, to the auction. Antonio is known to value the art piece at $12,000. The expected price paid by Valerie, given the presence of the second bidder Antonio, is $_______. .A clothing store and a jeweler are located side by side in a shopping mall. If the clothing store spend C dollars on advertising and the jeweler spends J dollars on advertising, then the profits of the clothing store will be (36 + J )C - 2C 2 and the profits of the jeweler will be (30 + C )J - 2J 2. The clothing store gets to choose its amount of advertising first, knowing that the jeweler will find out how much the clothing store advertised before deciding how much to spend. The amount spent by the clothing store will be Group of answer choices $17. $34. $51. $8.50. $25.50.Two players bargain over 1 unit of a divisible object. Bargaining starts with an offer of player 1, which player 2 either accepts or rejects. If player 2 rejects, then player 1 makes another offer; if player 2 rejects once more, then player 2 makes an offer. If player 1 rejects the offer of player 2, then once more it is the turn of player 1 where he makes two consecutive offers. As long as an agreement has not been reached this procedure continues. For example, suppose that agreement is reached at period 5, it follows that player 1 makes offers in period 1,2 then player 2 makes an o er in period 3, then player 1 makes offers in 4,5. Negotiations can continue indefinitely, agreement in period 't' with a division (x, 1- x) leads to payoffs ( , (1-x)).(The difference from Rubinstein's alternating offer bargaining is that player one makes two consecutive offers, whereas player 2 makes a single offer in her turn.) a. Show that there is a subgame perfect equilibrium in which player 2's…
- 5.Each of Player 1 and Player 2 chooses an integer from the set {1, 2, ..., K}. If they choose the same integer, P1 gets +1 and P2 gets -1; if they choose different integers, P1 gets -1 and P2 gets +1. (a) Show that it is a NE for each player to choose every integer in {1, 2, ..., K} with equal probability, K1 . (b) Show that there are no NE besides the one you found in (a).Explain the differce between oral auctions and second-price auctionsConsider the game of Chicken in which each player has the option to “get out of the way” and “hang tough” with payoffs: Get out of the way Hang tough Get out of the way 2,2 1,3 Hang tough 3,1 00 a. Find all pure strategy Nash equilibria, if they exist b. Let k be the probability that player 1 chooses “hang tough” and u be the probability that player two chooses “hang tough.” Find the mixed stragety Nash equilibria, if they exist
- Suppose two bidders compete for a single indivisible item (e.g., a used car, a piece of art, etc.). We assume that bidder 1 values the item at $v1, and bidder 2 values the item at $v2. We assume that v1 > v2. In this problem we study a second price auction, which proceeds as follows. Each player i = 1, 2 simultaneously chooses a bid bi ≥ 0. The higher of the two bidders wins, and pays the second highest bid (in this case, the other player’s bid). In case of a tie, suppose the item goes to bidder 1. If a bidder does not win, their payoff is zero; if the bidder wins, their payoff is their value minus the second highest bid. a) Now suppose that player 1 bids b1 = v2 and player 2 bids b2 = v1, i.e., they both bid the value of the other player. (Note that in this case, player 2 is bidding above their value!) Show that this is a pure NE of the second price auction. (Note that in this pure NE the player with the lower value wins, while in the weak dominant strategy equilibrium where both…Question 1 Consider a first-price sealed bid auction of a single object with two biddersj = 1,2 and no reservation price. Bidder 1′s valuation is v1 = 2, and bidder 2′s valuation isv1 = 5. Both v1 and v2 are known to both bidders. Bids must be in whole dollar amounts.In the event of a tie, the object is awarded by a flip of a fair coin.(a) Find an equilibrium of this game.(b) Is the allocation of your answer to (a) efficient?In this version of the ultimatum game experiment, one participant is given £100, and is told to offer to split that amount with another participant. The second player can either refuse to accept the division, in which case the participant receiving the £100 has to give it back, or can accept the division, in which case, the player receiving the money splits the £100 as proposed. For the participant who has to accept or reject the offer A) The best strategy is to accept any offer which meets the social norm for fairness. B) The best strategy is to threaten to turn down any transfer of less than £100 to ensure that the person receiving the money makes a fair offer. C) There is a dominant strategy to accept any offer because gaining some money is better than gaining no money D) There is a dominant strategy to turn down any offer other than £50 because an unequal split would be unfair.