The soil for backfilling comes from a borrow pit. The water content of the soil in the borrow pit is 15% and its void ratio is 0.69. The swell index index is 1.2. The specification requires the backfill material to be compacted to a dry unit weight of 16 kN/m^3 1. What is the dry unit weight of the borrow pit material? 2. What is the volume of the borrow pit soil required? 3. What is the volume of borrow pit material required considering swell

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Calculation of Settlement

The vertical displacement of the structural foundation due to the loading from the superstructure is known as settlement. It is due to the reduction of air voids present in the soil. The amount of vertical displacement depends on the bearing capacity of the soil on which the foundation is laid. The effect of the settlement depends on the magnitude of settlement, uniformity, and the structural design of the structure. The maximum allowable settlement for residential and office buildings should be less than 18 mm, for industrial buildings, it is 38 mm and for commercial buildings, it is 25 mm.