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- What is the significance that the combined absorption spectra of chlorophylls a and b roughly match the action spectrum of photosynthesis? Would photosynthesis be more efficient if their individual absorption spectra coincided exactly?Melvin Calvin and Andrew Benson determined the steps in the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis by exposing the green alga Chlorella to CO2 labeled with the radioisotope carbon 14. By looking at which compounds the C14 ended up in, they were able to identify all intermediates in this cyclic pathway. Why did they predict correctly that the same set of intermediates would be formed in the light reaction in land plants?Photosynthesis directly opposes respiration in determining how plants influence atmospheric CO2 concentrations. When a leaf is in the light, both photosynthesis and respiration are occurring simultaneously. The data in the Table were collected from the leaf of a sagebrush plant that was enclosed in a chamber that measures the rate of CO2 exchange. The same leaf was used to collect the data in Interpret the Data in Chapter 7. Respiration is shown as a negative and photosynthesis as a positive rate of CO2 exchange. The net photosynthesis rate is the amount of CO2 (in micromoles per square meter per second) assimilated by the leaf while respiration is occurring; a positive value indicates more photosynthesis is occurring than respiration. The light exposed to the leaf is quantified as the number of photons in the 400 to 700 nm wavelength, the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD); 2,000 mol/m2/s is equivalent to the amount of light occurring at midday in full Sun. Observation Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (PPFD) (mol/m2/s) Net Photosynthesis (mol/m2/s) 1 2,000 9.1 2 1,500 8.4 3 1,250 8.2 4 1,000 7.4 5 750 6.3 6 500 4.8 7 250 2.2 8 0 -2.0 Why is net photosynthesis negative when PPFD is zero? Looking at the respiration data from Interpret the Data in Chapter 7, at what temperature do you think these data were collected? Source: Data based on unpublished research by Brent Ewers, University of Wyoming.
- When discussing why the rate of photosynthesis did not increase at higher light intensities, the investigator mentioned the possibility that high light intensities could damage chlorophyll, which would result in a decrease in oxygen production. Which of the following accurately explains the role of chlorophyll in oxygen production during photosynthesis and why damage to chlorophyll would results in lower oxygen production? Select one or more: a. Chlorophyll participates in carbon fixation during the Calvin Cycle. During this process, oxygen molecules are formed. b. Chlorophyll captures energy from sunlight and releases high energy electrons that enter the electron transport chain in the Calvin Cycle. During this process, oxygen molecules are formed. c. Chlorophyll participates in carbon fixation during the light reactions. During this process, oxygen molecules are formed. d. Chlorophyll captures energy from sunlight and releases high energy electrons that enter the electron…In the photosynthesis lab, a group of students found that in the blue light condition, there was a change in absorbance (ΔA620) of 0.324 in extracted spinach chloroplasts. The students later went on a hike and located a plant they had never seen before and were interested in how the photosynthesis rates would compare to their experiment with spinach chloroplasts. They extracted chloroplasts of the unknown green-leaved plant and exposed them to the same experimental conditions as before. The students calculated the ΔA620 to be 0.100. Which plant (spinach or unknown) has the highest rate of photosynthesis? Explain your answer using evidence, being sure to demonstrate your understanding of the dependent variable.Suppose a researcher is carrying out studies in which she adds a nonphysiological electron donor to a suspension of chloroplasts. Illumination of the chloroplasts yields oxidation of the donor. How could she tell whether photosystem I, II, or both are involved?
- How would you design an experiment to test the following hypothesis: " The optimal temperature for photosynthesis in spinach leaves is 20 degrees Celsius?"Place the following steps of the Light-Reactions of Photosynthesis in order. Production of NADPH Absorption of light Electron transport chain & Production of ATP Photosystem II Photosystem ISuppose an experiment is performed in which plant I is supplied with normal carbon dioxide but with water that contains radioactive oxygen atoms. Plant II is supplied with normal water but with carbon dioxide that contains radioactive oxygen atoms. Each plant is allowed to perform photosynthesis, and the oxygen gas and sugars produced are tested for radioactivity. Which plant would you expect to produce radioactive sugars, and which plant would you expect to produce radioactive oxygen gas? Explain why.
- In a photosynthetic investigation, a student measured the following pH of the stroma and the inner thylakoid compartments of spinach leaf cells at the conclusion of the experiment. Source of Fluid pH (mean) Standard Error of Mean (SEM) Stroma 8.2 0.75 Inner compartment of thylakoid 5.6 0.35 Describe the stages of photosynthesis. Explain the need for a constant supply of inorganic carbon dioxide.Discuss whether it would be more beneficial to improve the light or dark reactions in order to enhance photosynthesis for a future scenario of extreme drought conditions. Please draw sketches to illustrate and include atleast 20 pointsThe light reactions of photosynthesis supply theCalvin cycle with(A) light energy.(B) CO2 and ATP.(C) H2O and NADPH.(D) ATP and NADPH