The town of Melville needs to obtain an additional supply of water from a nearby river. They offered two options: diverting water at a point 8 miles upstream and allowing gravity to mow own (the "gravity" plan), or diverting water at a point much closer to the town and using pu water to the town (the "pumping" plan). The pumping plan would be built in two stages, wit apacity installed initially and the other half installed ten years later. For both options, the t 40-year life, 10% interest, and no salvage value. The projected costs are in the table below nitial Cost dditional investment at the end of me 10th year nnual Operation and Maintenance, cluding Power anual Power Cost Gravity $2,800,000 None $10,000 None Pumping $1,400,000 $200,000 $25,000 $75,000
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- A consulting engineer has been hired to advise a town how best to proceed with theconstruction of a 200,000-m3 water supply reservoir. Since only 120,000 m3 of storagewill be required for the next 25 years, an alternative to building the full capacity now isto build the reservoir in two stages. Initially, the reservoir could be built with 120,000 m3of capacity and then, 25 years hence, the additional 80,000 m3 of capacity could beadded by increasing the height of the reservoir. If interest is computed at 4%, whichconstruction plan is preferred? Detail your steps in excel.The town of Dry Gulch needs more water from Pine Creek. The townengineer has selected two plans for comparison: a gravity plan (divertwater at a point 10 miles up Pine Creek and pipe it by gravity to thetown) and a pumping plan (divert water at a point closer to town).The pumping plant would be built in two stages, with half-capacityinstalled initially and the other half installed 10 years later. Use an annual cash flow analysis to find which plan is more economical. The analysis will assume a 40-year life, 10% interest, and no salvage value Gravity Pumping Initial investment $ 2,800,000 $ 1,400,000 Investment in 10th year None $ 200,000 Operation and maintenance $ 10,000/yr $ 25,000/yr Power cost Average first 10 years None $ 50,000/yr Average first 30 years None $ 100,000/yrThe city engineer and economic development directors are evaluating two sites for construction of a multipurpose sports arena. The sites are downtown (DT) and southwest (SW) of the metropolitan area. The city already owns enough land at the DT site; however, the land for a parking garage will cost $1 million, and construction costs will be $10 million for the parking garage, infrastructure relocation, and drainage. The SW site is 30 km from downtown, but the land will be donated by a developer who knows that an arena at this site will dramatically increase the value of the remainder of his land holdings. Because of its centralized location, there will be greater attendance at most of the events held at the DT site. This will result in more revenue to vendors and local merchants in the amount of $700,000 per year. Additionally, the average attendee will not have to travel as far, resulting in annual benefits of $400,000 per year. All other costs and revenues are expected to be the same…
- A new storm drainage system must be constructed right away to reduce periodic flooding that occurs in a city that is in a valley. Five mutually exclusive designs have been proposed, and their present worth (in thousands of dollars) of costs and benefits are the following. Solve, a. Which system has the greatest B–C ratio? b. Which system has the largest incremental B–C ratio(based on differences between alternatives)? c. Which system should be chosen ?The council members of a small town have decided that the earth levee that protects the town from flooding should be rebuilt and strengthened. The town engineer estimates that the cost of the work at the end of the first year will be $68,000. He estimates that in subsequent years the annual repair costs will decline by $7000, making the second-year cost $61,000; the third-year $54,000, and so forth. The council members want to know what the equivalent present cost is for the first 5 years of repair work if interest is 6%.The city of Oak Ridge is evaluating three mutually exclusive landscaping plans for refurbishing a public greenway. Benefits to the community have been estimated by a landscaping committee, and the costs of planting trees and shrubbery, as well as maintaining the greenway, are summarized below. The city’s cost of capital is 8% per year, and the planning horizon is 10 years. Which landscaping plan will you recommend based on B/C ratio analysis? Landscaping plan A B C Initial planning cost $75,000 $50,000 $65,000 Annual maintenance expense 4,000 5,000 4,700 Annual community benefits 20,000 18,000 20,000
- The Government is considering a multi-purpose river valley project in which would involve construction of a dam, a reservoir, a power house, and several irrigation canals. The project would supply water for irrigation, generate electricity, and provide a measure of protection against floods. The following information has been gathered by the project control board. The project will require the following during the construction stage: i) locally produced power equipment costing Ks 200 million; ii) imported power equipment costing $ 10 million; iii) 20,000 tonnes of steel produced locally and made available to the project at Ks 6000 a tonne; iv) 350,000 tonnes of cement produced locally and made available to the project at Ks 800 a tonne; v) other construction materials (sand, bricks, ballast, etc.) costing Ks 100 million; vi) 25 million man-days of unskilled labour for which the project control board has decided to pay a daily wage rate of Ks 10; and vii) skilled labour costing Ks…In the aftermath of Hurricane Thelma, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is considering two alternative approaches to protect a freshwater wetland from the encroaching seawater during high tides. The first alternative, the construction of a 5-mile long, 20-foot-high levee, would have an investment cost of $25,000,000 with annual upkeep costs estimated at$725,000. A new roadway along the top of the levee would provide two major benefits: (1) improved recreational access for fishermen and (2) reduction of the driving distance between the towns at opposite ends of the proposed levee by 11 miles. The annual benefit for the levee has been estimated at $1,500,000. The second alternative, a channel-dredging operation, would have an investment cost of $15,000,000. The annual cost of maintaining the channel is estimated at $375,000. There are no documented benefits for the channel-dredging project. Using a MARR of 8% and assuming a 25-year life for either alternative, apply the incremental B–C…The Lake Placid Town Council has decided to build a new community center to be used for conventions and other events, but considerable controversy surrounds the appopriate size. Many influential citizens want a large center that would be a showcase for the area, but the mayor feels that if demand does not support such a center, the community will lose a large amount of money. To provide structure for the decision process, the council narrowed the building alternatives to three sizes: small, medium, and large. Everybody agreed that the critical factor in choosing the best size is the number of people who will want to use the new facility. A regional planning consultant provided demand estimates under three scenarios: worst case, base case, and best case. The worst case scenario corresponds to a situation in which tourism drops significantly: the base case scenario correseponds to a situation in which Lake Placid continues to attract visitors at current levels: and the best case scenario…
- The Army Corps of Engineers wants to construct a dam on a flood-prone river. The estimated construction cost and average annual dollar benefits are listed below. A 6% per year rate applies and dam life is infinite for analysis purposes. (a) Select the one best location using the B/C method. (b) If the sites are now considered independent projects, which sites are acceptable?Big City Carl, a local politician, is pushing a new dock and pier system at the river to attract commerce. A committee appointed by the mayor (an opponent of Carl’s) has developed the following estimates (a) Using the conventional B/C ratio, determine whether the project should be funded. (b) After studying the numbers given by the committee, Big City Carl argued that the project life should be at least 25 years and more likely closer to 30 years. How did he arrive at this estimate, and why is he making this statement? (c) If Carl suggests that each number is 5% “better,” then what B/C ratio would he support?A project is being considered by the Tennessee Department of Transportation to replace an aging bridge across the Cumberland River on a state highway. The existing two-lane bridge is expensive to maintain and creates a traffic bottleneck because the state highway is four lanes wide on either side of the bridge. The new bridge can be constructed at a cost of $300,000, and estimated annual maintenance costs are $10,000. The existing bridge has annual maintenance costs of $18,500. The annual benefit of the new four-lane bridge to motorists, due to the removal ofthe traffic bottleneck, has been estimated to be $25,000. Conduct a B–C analysis, using aMARR of 8% and a study period of 25 years, to determine whether the new bridge should be constructed.