The unusual levels of citrulline could be explained by the loss of function of which enzyme? Draw the reaction catalyzed by this enzyme.
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Citrulline is one metabolite whose levels are “out of range.” The unusual levels of citrulline could be explained by
the loss of function of which enzyme? Draw the reaction catalyzed by this enzyme.
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- label all the carbon atoms in glutamine (1-5) and nitrogen (1-2) and show how the molecule is metabolized, which enzymes and cofactors are needed to do so and what metabolic pathway do their products lead into?Each of the following enzymes catalyzes what sort of reaction?citrate decarboxylase (a. citrate decarboxylase) (b. citrate decarboxyoxalate reductase (b)c. transaminase of serinea. What is the name of metabolite 1? b. What is the name of metabolite 2? c. What kind of reaction occurred when 1 was converted to 2? d. What general kind of enzyme might you expect to perform this reaction? e. What cofactor, if any, would be required for this reaction?
- Because of an inborn error of metabolism, suppose that the enzyme that catalyzed the third reaction in your pathway (see no. 5a) was defective. Describe the effects this wouldhave on the concentrations of the intermediates in your pathway.Explain what an oxidation–reduction reaction is and why the breakdown ofglucose in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water is an example of an oxidation–reduction reaction.What general kinds of reactions do the following types of enzymes catalyze?(a) Dehydrogenases (b) Decarboxylases(c) Lipases
- a. What is the name of metabolite 1? b. What is the name of metabolite 2? c. What molecule a is required for this reaction to proceed? d. What molecule b is produced in addition to 2? e. What enzyme performs this reaction?To which class does each enzymes belong? Explain you answers. a. pyruvate decarboxylase b. alanine aminotransferase c. alcohol dehydrogenase d. hexokinaseIn carboxylic anhydrase enzyme, mutation at the active site can cause catalytic malfunction. How do you know the effect of mutation? By which method would you know the effect of the mutation on carboxylic anhydrase?
- For a lot of enzymes that work on fatty acids, the rate determining step is the release of the product from the active site. This means that the activation energy for product release is much higher than the free energy of catalysis. What enthalpic or entropic contributions would make the activation energy for product release so high and explain?Four important properties of enzymes are high catalytic rate,high degree of substrate specificity, negligible formation ofside products, and _____________________.Some metabolic conditions such as diabetesmellitus cause disturbances in the acid–basebalance of the body, which gives the bodyfluids an abnormally low pH. Explain howthis could affect enzyme–substrate reactionsand metabolic pathways in the body.