The water (H2O) molecule has an electric dipole moment of 6.3 x 10-30 C ⋅ m. A sample contains 1021 water molecules, with the dipole moments all oriented in the direction of an electric field of magnitude 2.5 x 105 N/C. How much work is required to rotate the dipoles from this orientation (θ = 0°) to one in which all the moments are perpendicular to the field (θ = 90°)?

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Electric Charges and Fields

One of the fundamental properties is the electromagnetic property. Charge cannot be destroyed by any process and this contributes formally to the law of charge conservation.