There are two different forms of the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), one primarily found in the ocean and the other in freshwater.  The oceanic morph is heavily armored and has well-defined dorsal and pelvic spines, and the freshwater morph has far reduced armor and spines.  Spines and armor are related to fitness and are controlled by two different genes.  Within this single species, these differences in morphology are due to a few nucleotide changes in the two genes. This provides evidence for evolution through:   a. Speciation   b. Common ancestry   c. Macroevolution   d. Microevolution

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Evolutionary lineages

An evolutionary lineage is a series of populations of organisms that descend from a common ancestor. Each species in the lineage is the direct consequence of evolutionary change from a common ancestor. A phylogenetic tree is generally used to display lineages visually. Lineages are components of the phylogenetic tree of life. Molecular systematics procedures are widely used to predict lineages.