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- A gas vessel 1.5m x 1.5m x 2m containing Carbon Dioxide (CO2) with a temperature of -3°C. The right vessel wall is fixed to the wall, as shown in Figure Q1 (a). A minimum force of 10kN is required to split/open the gas vessel. Calculate: i. Vacuum pressure of CO2.ii. Mass of the CO2. Take molecular weight for Oxygen= 16, Carbon = 12, atmosphericpressure 100kPa, and universal gas constant = 8314 J⋅kmol−1⋅K−1The data listed below is from a passenger hot air balloon. The balloon is designed to lift 10-people (80 kg each person). The balloon consists of a basket, a burner- propane tank system. It will lift up when the cold air trapped inside warms up by the burner. Density of air inside the balloon is 99°C: 0.9486 kg/m³, density of air outside balloon is 20°C (ambient): 1.2041 kg/m³ Mass (kg) Balloon Basket Burner Propane tank 113.4 kg 63.5 kg 22.7 kg 183.7 kg Assume the balloon is a sphere shape, volume =(4/3)pi R3. a. Determine the minimum diameter of the balloon that would have a total lifting force to balance the weight of balloon, basket, burner, propane tank and 10 people? b. If the balloon is converted to survey the weather, it will be filled with hydrogen gas (H2). Assume the weight of the people (800kg) is now replaced by onboard equipment, what is minimum diameter needed to keep it afloat at 18km above the surface of the earth?A diver 50 m deep in 8°C fresh water exhales a 1.2 cm diameter bubble which rises to the surface of the water and has a diameter of 2.2 cm when it reaches the surface of the water. Assume the air bubble rises slow enough that it is always in thermal equilibrium with the surrounding water. Include units in all your numerical responses 1. Determine the pressure of the air inside the bubbles
- number 1 A food product containing 75% moisture content is being frozen. Estimate the specific heat of the product at -10° C when 85% of the water is frozen. The specific heat of the dry product is 2 kJ / (kg ° C). It is assumed that the specific heat of water at -10 ° C is the same as the specific heat of water at 0 ° C, and that the specific heat of ice follows the function Cp es = 0.0062 T Frozen + 2.0649. Cp of frozen product = kJ / kg ° C.The data below is from a passenger hot air balloon. The balloon is designed to lift 10-people (80 kg each person). The balloon consists of a basket, a burner- propane tank system. It will lift up when the cold air trapped inside warms up by the burner. Density of air inside the balloon is 99°C: 0.9486 kg/m³, density of air outside balloon is 20°C (ambient): 1.2041 kg/m³, Assume the balloon is a sphere shape, volume =(4/3)pi R3 Mass (kg) Balloon Basket Burner Propane tank 113.4 kg 63.5 kg 22.7 kg 183.7 kg a) Determine the minimum diameter of the balloon that would have a total lifting force to balance the weight of balloon, basket, burner, propane tank and 10 people? b) If the balloon is converted to survey the weather, it will be filled with hydrogen gas (H2). Assume the weight of the people (800kg) is now replaced by onboard equipment, what is minimum diameter needed to keep it afloat at 18km above the surface of the earth?Thermal diffusivity is a(A) Function of temperature(B) Physical property of a substance(C) Dimensionless parameter(D) All of these
- number 1 A food product containing 80% moisture content is being frozen. Estimate the specific heat of the product at -8 ° C when 80% of the water is frozen. The specific heat of the dry product is 2 kJ / (kg ° C). It is assumed that the specific heat of water at -10 ° C is the same as the specific heat of water at 0 ° C, and that the specific heat of ice follows the function Cp es = 0.0062 T Frozen + 2.0649. Cp of frozen product = kJ / kg ° C.The thermal conductivity of a substance may be defined as the rate of heat transfer per unit length per unit temperature difference. The primary dimensions of thermal conductivity are (a) m2·L/t2·T (b) m2·L2/t·T (c) L2/m·t2·T (d ) m·L/t3·T (e) m·L2/t3·TThermodynamics is the science that studies A)Mechanics of fluids and how forces affect them B)Improvement of manufacturing process from the initial point to the end C)Conversion of energy from one form to another D)The number of animals living in Azerbaijan E)Experimental methods and uncertainty analysis in experiments
- A solid steel cube is stored in a freezer, where the temperature is −20.0 ̊C. While the cube is in the freezer, you measure its side length (L) to be 1.75050 meters. The cube is then placed outside for a long time, so that the temperature of the cube reaches the temperature of the air outside. As a result, the side length increases to 1.75170 meters due to thermal expansion. The coefficient of linear expansion for steel is 12.0×10−6 ̊C−1. (a) What is the temperature of the air outside? Give your answer in degrees Celsius ( ̊C). (b) What is the volume of the cube when its temperature is 20.0 ̊C? Give your answer in cubic meters (m3).Two large containers A and B of the same size are filled with different fluids. The fluids in containers A and B are maintained at 0° C and 100° C, respectively. A small metal bar, whose initial temperature is 100° C, is lowered into container A. After 1 minute the temperature of the bar is 90° C. After 2 minutes (since being lowered into container A) the bar is removed and instantly transferred into the other container. After 1 minute in container B the temperature of the bar rises 10°. How long, measured from the start of the entire process, will it take the bar to reach 99.5° C? (Round your answer to two decimal places. Assume the final temperature being asked for is reached while the bar is container B.)1) A piston-cylinder system containing 1100 grams of an ideal gas ‘X’ is cooled from 900 K to 100 K at constant pressure. The specific heat capacity of the gas is Cp = 38.3 J.mol-1.K-1. Assume Cp stays constant in the given temperature range. The molar mass of the gas = 28 g.mol-1. a) Write the simplified first law of thermodynamics for this system with justification. b) Calculate the total heat transferred (in kJ) during the process of cooling c) If the entire heat from the cooling of ‘X’ (as calculated in (b)) could be used as work to change the volume of another gas ‘Y’ from 500 m3 to 1000 m3 in a constant pressure process, calculate the value of pressure. d) Instead of cooling at constant pressure, if ‘X’ was expanded reversibly and at a constant temperature (300K), calculate the work done by the system in kJ if the change in volume was 10-fold.