This cell contains an equal Mitochondria number of mitochondria segregate randomly in cell division. with wild-type genes (red) and mitochondria with mutated genes (blue). Cell division The random segregation of mitochondria Replication of mitochondria in cell division... Cell division Replication of mitochondria ...results in progeny cells that differ in their number of mitochondria with wild-type and mutated genes. Figure 5.15 Genetics: A Conceptual Approach, Sixth Edition © 2017 W. H. Freeman and Company

This cell contains an equal Mitochondria number of mitochondria segregate randomly in cell division. with wild-type genes (red) and mitochondria with mutated genes (blue). Cell division The random segregation of mitochondria Replication of mitochondria in cell division... Cell division Replication of mitochondria ...results in progeny cells that differ in their number of mitochondria with wild-type and mutated genes. Figure 5.15 Genetics: A Conceptual Approach, Sixth Edition © 2017 W. H. Freeman and Company

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter6: Cytogenetics: Karyotypes And Chromosome Aberrations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 26QP: Fragile-X syndrome causes the most common form of inherited intellectual disability. What is the...

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

Beginning with the G1 phase of the cell cycle, describe the levelof compaction of the eukaryotic chromosome. How does thelevel of compaction change as the cell progresses through thecell cycle? Why is it necessary to further compact the chromatinduring mitosis?
researchers have been able to clonemammals by fusing a cell having a diploid nucleus (i.e., a somaticcell) with an egg that has had its nucleus removed.A. With regard to maternal effect genes, would the phenotype ofsuch a cloned animal be determined by the animal that donatedthe egg or by the animal that donated the somatic cell? Explain.B. Would the cloned animal inherit extranuclear traits from theanimal that donated the egg or from the animal that donated thesomatic cell? Explain.C. In what ways would you expect this cloned animal to be similarto or different from the animal that donated the somatic cell? Isit fair to call such an animal a clone of the animal that donatedthe diploid nucleus?
Give at least three examples of types of mutationsthat would disrupt the process of mitotic chromosomesegregation
In Neurospora, his2 mutants require the amino acidhistidine for growth, and lys4 mutants require theamino acid lysine. The two genes are on the samearm of the same chromosome, in the ordercentromere - his2 - lys4.A his2 mutant is mated with a lys4 mutant. Draw all ofthe possible ordered asci that could result from meioses in which the following events occurred, accountingfor the nutritional requirements for each ascospore.Ascospores without any copy of a chromosome willabort and die, turning white in the process.a. A single crossover between the centromere and his2b. A single crossover between his2 and lys4c. Nondisjunction during the first meiotic divisiond. Nondisjunction during the second meiotic divisione. A single crossover between the centromere andhis2, followed by nondisjunction during the firstmeiotic divisionf. A single crossover between his2 and lys4,followed by nondisjunction during the firstmeiotic division
Extranuclear inheritance often correlates with maternal inheritance. Even so, paternal leakage may occur. What is paternal leakage? If a cross produced 200 offspring and the rate ofmitochondrial paternal leakage was 3%, how many offspringwould be expected to contain paternal mitochondria?
Humans have 46 chromosomes in each somatic cell.a. How many chromosomes does a child receive fromits father?b. How many autosomes and how many sex chromosomes are present in each somatic cell?c. How many chromosomes are present in a humanovum?d. How many sex chromosomes are present in ahuman ovum?
On rare occasions, people are born with a condition known as uniparental disomy. It happens when an individual inherits both copies of achromosome from one parent and no copies from the other parent. Thisoccurs when two abnormal gametes happen to complement each otherto produce a diploid zygote. For example, an abnormal sperm thatlacks chromosome 15 could fertilize an egg that contains two copies ofchromosome 15. In this situation, the individual has maternal uniparental disomy 15 because both copies of chromosome 15 were inheritedfrom the mother. Alternatively, an abnormal sperm with two copies ofchromosome 15 could fertilize an egg with no copies. This is known aspaternal uniparental disomy 15. If a female is born with paternal uniparental disomy 15, would you expect her to be phenotypically normal,have Angelman syndrome (AS), or have Prader-Willi syndrome(PWS)? Explain. Would you expect her to produce normal offspring oroffspring affected with AS or PWS?
A male Drosophila from a wild-type stock is discovered to haveonly seven chromosomes, whereas normally 2n = 8. Closeexamination reveals that one member of chromosome IV (thesmallest chromosome) is attached to (translocated to) the distalend of chromosome II and is missing its centromere, thusaccounting for the reduction in chromosome number. (a) Diagram all members of chromosomes II and IV duringsynapsis in meiosis I.
Fragile-X syndrome causes the most common form of inherited intellectual disability. What is the chromosomal abnormality associated with this disorder? What is the phenotype of this disorder?
Variations in Chromosome NumberAneuploidy Describe the process of nondisjunction and explain when it takes place during cell division.
Why is a chromosome with two centromeres (adicentric chromosome) unstable? Would a backup cen-tromere not be a good thing for a chromosome, giving ittwo chances to form a kinetochore and attach to microtu-bules during mitosis? Would that not help to ensure thatthe chromosome did not get left behind at mitosis?
Drosophila P elements were discovered because ofa phenomenon called hybrid dysgenesis—sterilityof particular hybrid progeny. When scientists in the1970s crossed their D. melanogaster laboratorystrains to flies of the same species obtained fromnatural environments outside the lab, they observeda remarkable result: The progeny of the crosseswere sterile, but only when outside males werecrossed with lab strain females. Progeny resultingfrom crosses of outside females with lab maleswere perfectly normal.DNA analysis revealed that while the genomesof the outside flies contain P elements, the lab flygenomes have none. Apparently, P elements spreadthroughout the wild population of D. melanogasterafter the capture of the originators of present-daylaboratory strains over 100 years ago.a. The hybrid progeny are sterile because their germline cells have a high rate of mutation and chromosomal rearrangement (dysgenesis) caused by highrates of P element mobilization. Explain howP element movement…