Three parallel strip footings 3 m wide each and 5 m apart center to center transmit contact pressures of 300, 450 and 150 kN/m2 respectively. Calculate the vertical stress due to the combined loads beneath the centers of each footing at a depth of 4 m below the base. Assume the footings are placed at a depth of 2 m below the ground surface. Use Boussinesq's method for line loads

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Load and resistance factor design

Load and resistance factors design (LRFD), also known as Limit state design (LSD), refers to the design method used in building engineering. A boundary condition is a condition of a structure where it can no longer meet the relevant design requirements. The condition may refer to the load level or other actions on the structure, while the terms refer to the integrity of the structure, suitability for use, durability, or other design requirements. A structure designed for LRFD is limited to keeping track of all possible actions during its design time and is always ready for use, with the appropriate level of reliability in each boundary condition. LRFD-based construction codes clearly define the appropriate levels of reliability in their instructions.