To construct an “interactome” like the one shown in Figure 9-21, scientists identify all of the protein interactions in a particular tissue or cell type. Comparison of interactomes from human muscle versus human brain tissue reveals very different patterns. If you were the scientist involved in this study, how would you explain these results?

Q: You have isolated a new protein called STICKY. You can predict from comparisons with other known…

A: The structural motifs are super secondary structures that are found on nucleic acids or protein…

Q: Which of the following statements best describes a signal peptide? A.A signal peptide is a short…

A: The signal peptide is a short peptide sequence present at the N-terminus of the protein. This is…

Q: What is the importance of understanding the interactions between the receptor binding domain of the…

A: Spike Protein- The S protein is a highly glycosylated and large type I transmembrane fusion protein…

Q: Which of the following domains would you not expect to see in the receptor for BMP4? A. A…

A: BMP4 or Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 is a protein that is encoded by BMP4 gene in humans. It is a…

Q: My textbook says:"Protein encoding genes control protein production indirectly, using a related…

A: Proteins are made of structural building blocks called as amino acids and are found in all cells and…

Q: If you’re comparing the sequences of protein “R” from multiple vertebrates, arthropods, protists,…

A: Sequence alignment is done with the nucleotide and protein sequences and comparison is done to find…

Q: Does this protein absorb light at 280 nm? If yes, please write (as a number) how many residues…

A: Amino acids are organic compounds with functional groups namely carboxyl and amino. Proteins are…

Q: Both ADA-SCID and type I diabetes are diseases based on lack of a particular protein. Why has the…

A: ADA means Adenosine deaminase deficiency and SCID is severe combined immunodeficiency.  ADA-SCID is…

Q: What are the three major types of RNA molecules? How is eachrelated to the concept of information…

A: Ribonucleic acid is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding,…

Q: The following images represent confocal images of cells with full-length Mira protein (Mira 1-830),…

A: Confocal microscopy creates an image of a specimen by filtering out the out-of-focus light coming…

Q: Look up a standard genetic code table, how many codons will be recognized by tRNA charged by…

A: Introduction A gene can be defined as sequence of bases that encodes a functional protein molecule.…

Q: The following images represent confocal images of cells with full-length Mira protein (Mira 1-830),…

A: Confocal microscopy is a technique of optical imaging that is used to increase the contrast and…

Q: Imagine that you are working with DNA sequences of membrane proteins) and have the technology to…

A: Protein synthesis can be mediated by membrane free ribosome or membrane bound ribosome. Actually the…

Q: The TATA box and Initiator element (Inr) is recognized by which protein complex? How tight is this…

A: The sequence TATA can be found in most promoters. This sequence binds RNA polymerase. The TATA box…

Q: When the amino acid levels in eukaryotic cells are low, general protein synthesis is reduced. Gcn4…

A: Protein synthesis is the process in which cells make proteins. It occurs in two stages of…

Q: What amino acid residues are phosphorylated on the intracellular domain of a VEGFR? Glutamic Acid…

A: VEGFR: VEGF receptors are vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGF). VEGFR is divided into…

Q: What do you predict would be the consequence of a mutation in FtsZ that disrupts the function of the…

A: FtsZ is a protein found in the prokaryotes as well as some eukaryotes which are encoded by the ftsZ…

Q: What region would provide cell type-specific expression of genes? region  What site would…

A: The mRNA is given in the figure. The mRNA undergoes the process of translation to produce protein.

Q: what would expect to see in the amino acid side chains on the outer layer of an integral cell…

A: Membrane proteins are divided into two main categories—integral (intrinsic) and peripheral…

Q: What is cell differentiation? Discuss the role of myogenic bHLH proteins in the differentiation of…

A: Proteins are the building blocks of the body and they are composed of chains of amino acids. Amino…

Q: Grasshopper mouse lives in the desert of Arizona where there are scorpions whose venoms are toxic by…

A: Grasshopper mice are desert-dwelling rodents in the genus Onychomys, which includes three species –…

Q: A transmembrane protein is positioned such that the N-terminus and C-terminus are directed towards…

A: Based on the property of amino acids they found in the intracellular and extracellular environment.

Q: Briefly describe an experiment you could perform to isolate ER-associated ribosomes and test if…

A: Ribosomes are cell organelles that are the site of important cellular processes such as translation…

Q: gene for a eukaryotic polypeptide 300 amino acid residues Iong is altered so that a signal sequence…

A: Polypeptide is synthesized by using ribosomes attached on endoplasmic reticulum ( rough endoplasmic…

Q: What is a KDEL motif?   A The KDEL motif functions as a stop-transfer sequence in Type I membrane…

A: The KDEL receptor is a protein with seven transmembrane domains that was discovered about 20 years…

Q: Suppose that you joined a group of scientists working with a multipass ER-resident membrane protein.…

A: Multipass transmembrane proteins are those which span the membrane multiple times. The region of…

Q: What types of amino acids are the least likely to be found in the center of a transmembrane protein?…

A: Biomolecules are organic molecules present in living organisms. Proteins are one of the major…

Q: An integral membrane protein has an ER signal sequence near its N terminus and a stop transfer…

A: Transcription: It is processed to convert DNA into RNA. It is part of the central dogma. It is…

Q: Figure shows a part of the sequence alignment of human and whale myoglobin proteins. Please explain…

A: The condition represented in the sequence alignment is amino acid replacement. In amino-acid…

Q: When mRNA was discovered, Francis Crick proposed the Adaptor Hypothesis. He predicted that there…

A: Francis Crick proposed the adopter molecule hypothesis in the 1950s along with the central dogma of…

Q: Why is folding in the ER slow and inefficient and how are the misfolded ones degraded?

A: Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) is the QC check point of the ER which helps to…

Q: A signal sequence or the translocation of a protein can be genetically characterized. Please design…

A: By reviewing the question, we have to design an experiment to identify a signal sequence in a…

Q: identify the key players in the various mutants of the spike protein

A: The spike protein consists of a linear chain of 1273 amino acids, showing neatness sunray into a…

Q: Protein modifications occurring in the Golgi apparatus include:  removal of sialic acid…

A: Introduction: Golgi apparatus is membrane-bound organelles that are sac-like present in the…

Q: To construct an “interactome” like the one shown inFigure 9-21, scientists identify all of the…

A: Introduction An interactome is the entire set of molecular interactions in a single cell in…

Q: You hope to study a gene that codes for a neurotransmitter protein produced in human brain cells.…

A: Hello. Since your question has multiple sub-parts, we will solve first three sub-parts for you. If…

Q: Proteins that do not possess a signal sequence of substantially non-polar amino acids, and that do…

A: The translation of mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) to produce proteins takes place in the cell…

Q: Name two techniques a scientist could use in combination to experimentally demonstrate the function…

A: Introduction The KDEL sequence amino acids are, Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu. It binds to its receptor (KDEL…

Q: Protein levels and mRNA levels for a particualr gene don’t always match.  For example, the GCN4 gene…

A: Sometimes, the levels of protein and mRNA of a particular gene will not match. The mechanism behind…

Q: What is the purpose of a protein ‘sorting signal’? What are some examples of common sorting signals…

A: A protein sorting signal is an amino acid sequence of the transported proteins, these signal helps…

Q: You are a brilliant (but evil) biochemist who is developing a toxin that can be used to paralyze…

A:

Q: Any mutation inside or outside a coding regionthat reduces or abolishes protein activity in one of…

A: It is one of the types of mutations subclassified on the basis of the effects on the function of…

Q: You are a brilliant (but evil) biochemist who is developing a toxin that can be used to paralyze…

A: The loss of muscle function to a part of the body or whole body itself may be caused by cerebral…

Q: What do TATA boxes, initiators, and CpG islands have in common? Which was the first of these to be…

A: Transcription is the process of RNA synthesis using DNA as the template. The process requires a…

Q: You have isolated a new protein called STICKY. You can predict from comparisons with other known…

A: The structural motifs are supersecondary structures that are found on nucleic acids or protein…

Q: If you want to engineer a cytoplasmic protein to become a peroxisomal protein, which of the…

A: The targetting of protein into different cell organelle is depends on specific sequence present in…

Q: Consider a transmembrane protein that forms a hydrophilic pore across the plasma membrane of a…

A: Membranes are composed of a hydrophobic core of phospholipid tails.

Q: Why does the sequence ITLIIFGVIAGVIGTILLI more likely to contain a membrane-spanning sequence?

A: The proteins or peptides that are inserted into the plasma membrane are called integral membrane…

Genome annotation

The technique of linking biological information to genome sequences is termed genome annotation. Gene annotation is the method of identifying gene locations and coding sections. It helps us understand what these genes are doing in the body through establishing structural characteristics and linking them to the actions of various proteins.