Trait Dominant Allele Recessive Allele Blond (b) Blue (e) No dimples (d) No Widow's Peak (p) No Freckles (f) Hair Color Brown (B) Eye Color Dimples Widow's Peak Freckles Brown (E) Dimples (D) Widow's Peak (P) Freckles (F) Look at the traits and alleles above. What is the genotype of a person heterozYgous for eye color? (Remember capital letters go first)
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Genetic Variation
Genetic variation refers to the variation in the genome sequences between individual organisms of a species. Individual differences or population differences can both be referred to as genetic variations. It is primarily caused by mutation, but other factors such as genetic drift and sexual reproduction also play a major role.
Quantitative Genetics
Quantitative genetics is the part of genetics that deals with the continuous trait, where the expression of various genes influences the phenotypes. Thus genes are expressed together to produce a trait with continuous variability. This is unlike the classical traits or qualitative traits, where each trait is controlled by the expression of a single or very few genes to produce a discontinuous variation.
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- QUESTION 23 Allele frequencies for eye color in a population of hippogriffs is p=0.73. How many individuals would you expect to be heterozygous in a population 150? (Assume HWE)Question 3. There are 100 students in a class. Ninety-six did well in the course whereas four blew it totally and received a grade of F. Sorry. In the highly unlikely event that these traits are genetic rather than environmental, if these traits involve dominant and recessive alleles, and if the four (4%) represent the frequency of the homozygous recessive condition, please calculate the following: A) The frequency of the recessive allele. B) The frequency of the dominant allele. C) The frequency of heterozygous individuals. Question 4 Within a population of butterflies, the colour brown (B) is dominant over the colour white (b). And, 40% of all butterflies are white. Given this simple information, which is something that is very likely to be on an exam, calculate the following: A) The percentage of butterflies in the population that are heterozygous. B) The frequency of homozygous dominant individuals. Question 5 A rather large population of organisms have 396 red-sided individuals…QUESTION 35 You are conducting a QTL analysis to better understand monkey flower color and shape. To begin you start with breeding a plant that produces a long white tubular flower with purple flat flower. You continue your breeding for many generations. Which of the following is something you most likely observe? a. Variation in flowers your F2 population far exceeded the parental generation characteristics. b. The flower phenotypes did not correlate between siblings and between parent-offspring pairs. c. The variation in phenotypes is greater in the F2 population compared to the F1 population. d. Through selective breeding of the F1 individuals you could not recover the parental generation.
- QUESTION 19 You used a QTL (locus A) to find the causal locus of a phenotype of interest (locus B). You know that there is selection on locus B in your population, but A is just a neutral marker you used in your QTL analysis. Under what conditions do you expect allele frequencies to change at locus A? a. It will change, but only when not in LD with B b. It will not change regardless of whether it is in LD with B or not c. It will change, but only when it is in LD with B d. It will change regardless of whether it is in LD with B or notQUESTION 42 Two different populations that have a high degree of gene flow are expected to… a. have similar levels of heterozygosity. b. have an FST close to 1. c. be completely isolated from each other. d. vary in allele frequency from one another.Question 7 Albinism is caused by an autosomal recessive allele that interferes with skin pigmentation in mammals. Two normally pigmented parents already have an albino boy. They plan to have 2 more children. a) What is the probability that their next two children will be normally pigmented? Show your work. b) What is the probability that their next two children will both have albinism? Show your work. c) What is the probability that, when they have 2 more children, they will end up with a family including a total of 2 albino children and one normal? Show your work. d) What is the probability that, when they have two more children, the next child (i.e. the second-born child) will be normal, followed by a child with albinism? Show your work. e) Explain why the answers to part (c) and part (d) are calculated differently.
- QUESTION 13 Feather color in a certain species of bird is controlled by a pair of alleles that exhibit incomplete dominance. If birds that are homozygous for one allele are black and birds that are homozygous for the other allele are white, then heterozygous birds would be a. gray. b. white. c. black. QUESTION 20 Which of the following might explain how two separate genes control a single trait? a. One gene function better at higher temperatures. b. Both genes have the same alleles. c. There are two genes to control two separate steps in a pathway. d. Two genes cannot control a single trait.Question 3 and 4. I can’t find how to find if the shaded is dominant or recessive. Please Help.Question 6 Albinism is caused by an autosomal recessive allele that interferes with skin pigmentation in mammals. Two normally pigmented human parents already have an albino boy. They plan to continue to have children until they get a girl. Some or all of this information is important for each of the questions below. a) What is the probability that their next child (currently unborn) will be a girl with albinism? Explain your reasoning. b) What is the probability their first female child will be albino? Explain your reasoning. c) The answer to part (b) is different (and, yes, the answer is different) from the answer to part (a). Explain why. (Hint: it has something to do with the underlined words.)
- Question 11 D Blue allele Chromosome Brown allele The color of pigeon feathers is a heritable trait that is controlled by different alleles of a single gene as represented in the figure, Blue feather color is dominant to brown feather color. Which of the following statements is true about pigeons with blue feathers and pigeons with brown feathers? They have identical DNA sequences in the feather-color gene. They have identical genotypes for the feather-color gene.QUESTION 5. The pedigree below follows the appearance of a rare autosomal dominant condition resulting in malformation of limbs through a family. What is the penetrance of this trait? i.e., What is the ratio between the number of individuals in the pedigree who display the trait (numerator) and the number of individuals you know from the pedigree must have the trait-determining genotype (denominator)? Enter your answer in the form of a fraction without any spaces. e.g., If your answer is “one-fourth”, enter: 1/4Question 2. A widow's peak hairline is a dominant trait and a straight hairline is a recessive trait. What will be the genotypes and phenotypes of children of a homozygous dominant parent and a heterozygous parent? a) Construct a Punnett Square - List gametes in the area with the dashed line and the genotypes of the offspring in the area with the sold line. b) Genotypes of Children-c) Phenotypes of children-