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A:
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True or False
a.) Evolution creates
b.) Fitness refers to an allele's ability to help the organism evade predators.
c.) The process of natural selection may increase or decrease the frequency of a particular allele in the population depending on the environment.
d.) A potato species acquires a mutation in its catalasegene that allows it to function in very cold environments. However, this catalaseis denatured at room temperature. This is a good example of fitness cost.
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- When we take, say, 100 individuals of a species of beetle from the wild and place them in a new environment that is not so different that they are unable to thrive but different enough so that they are experiencing a new selective regime, say, a lower temperature, what typically happens? A - Sexual selection causes some larvae to be able to survive in the cooler temperatures and other individuals to be unable to survive because they need warmer temperatures. B - We are unable to measure phenotypic selection, presumably because we do not have much variation among individuals for how they handle temperature. C - The founder event assures us that the new population will be strictly representative of the source population (especially if we took all the 100 from the same location rather that from throughout the range of the species). D - The population evolves to be tolerant of the lower temperature; it can do this because of latent variation already in the 100 founding individuals. E -…The introduction of the antibiotic methicillin was once successful in destroying Staphylococcus bacterial infections. More recently, strains of Staphylococcus bacteria have undergone mutations that cause the bacteria to be resistant to the action of methicillin, leading to increased incidence of the disease MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). How would the proportion of bacteria carrying this mutation change in the population over time in populations treated with methicillin? A. The number of mutated bacteria would increase because the mutated bacteria would outcompete the non-mutated bacteria for resources. B. The number of mutated bacteria would decrease because the non-mutated bacteria would outcompete the mutated bacteria for resources. C. The number of mutated bacteria would decrease because the non-mutated bacteria would be selected for over time through natural selection. D. The number of mutated bacteria would increase because the mutated bacteria are…Imagine a population of mice living in a grey, rocky environment. Some mice are grey and some are brown. If natural selection occurs in this population, what would you expect to see if you returned in 100 mouse generations? Describe what you'd see in terms of fur colors in the population. Imagine a population of mice living in a grey, rocky environment. Some mice are grey and some are brown. If mutations occur in this population, what could you see if you returned in 100 mouse generations, that would tell you mutations had occurred? Describe what you'd see in terms of fur colors in the population, and how it would be different from what you'd see in #2.
- Which evolutionary forces a. cause an increase in genetic variation both within and between populations? b. cause a decrease in genetic variation both within and between populations? c. cause an increase in genetic variation within populations but cause a decrease in genetic variation between populations?Apply the VIDA table to the evolution of sickle cell disease to justify whether it is an instance of evolution by natural selection. Answer the following questions. Is there variation in this trait in the population? How exactly does it vary? Is the trait at least partly inherited? Is there selection for this trait in a particular environment? (What is the selective pressure? And how does a trait give an advantage or disadvantage in that environment?) What is the evidence that this trait makes organisms better adapted to their environment?Natural selection predicts that two species that came from a common ancestor should have high degree of correlation in their genomes. what aspect (use) of correlation am I using when apply it for this purpose?
- EVOLUTION LINK Write short paragraphs explaining each of the following statements: (a) Natural selection chooses from among the individuals in a population those most suited to current environmental conditions. It does not guarantee survival under future conditions. (b) Individuals do not evolve, but populations do. (c) The organisms that exist today do so because their ancestors had traits that allowed them and their offspring to thrive. (d) At the molecular level, evolution can take place by the replacement of one nucleotide by another. (e) Evolution is said to have occurred within a population when measurable genetic changes are detected.Microbiologists have discovered that alleles associated with antibiotic resistance are present in bacteria that live in soil, even in environments that are comparatively free of antibiotic pollution from human activities. Why are such alleles present (albeit at low levels) in bacterial populations? Conversely, if resistance alleles are beneficial, why are they rare in natural populations of bacteria?Fixity of Species refers to… Group of answer choices A-the theory that species exist at a fixed location along a physiological continuum B-the fact that species are defined by fixed adaptations to their direct environment C-the theory presented by Thomas Malthus that population densities of any given species are most affected by mortality and fertility rates D-the pre-darwinian notion that species, once created, can never change E-the late 19th century concept that because mendelian traits are fixed they are evidence that variation within and between species are designed by God specifically for those species
- Natural selection occurs only if there is both (1) variation in the genetic information between organisms in a population and (2) variation in the expression of that genetic information—that is, trait variation—that leads to differences in performance among individuals. What kind of variation might exist in bioluminescing organisms, and what differences in performance might result? (Remember, evolution is a consequence of the interaction of four factors: (1) the potential for a species to increase in number, (2) the genetic variation of individuals in a species due to mutation and sexual reproduction, (3) competition for an environment’s limited supply of the resources that individuals need in order to survive and reproduce, and (4) the ensuing proliferation of those organisms that are better able to survive and reproduce in that environment.)USIBG EVIDENCE FROM THE TEXT, how did natural selection determine the survival of medeival humans during the black death(bubonic plague)? Use the words: variation, natural selection, favorable traitsWhen taking the question, it would appear as: Consider global warming, a continual gradual increase in average temperatures. How might you expect this to affect natural selection? A.environmental changes are unpredictable, and natural selection is a random process, so it is difficult to predict outcome B.species from warmer climates are likely to expand their ranges into higher latitudes C.traits that increase reproductive success under warmer temperatures are likely to increase in frequency in a population D.the stress caused by higher temperatures will increase mutation rates
