Two hemispherical surfaces, 1 and 2, of respective radii r1 and r2, are centered at a point charge and are facing each other so that their edges define an annular ring (surface 3), as shown. The field at position r⃗  due to the point charge is: E⃗ (r⃗ )=C/r^2 r^ where C is a constant proportional to the charge, r=|r⃗ |, and r^=r⃗ /r is the unit vector in the radial direction. What is the electric flux Φ3 through the annular ring, surface 3, the flux Φ1 through surface 1, and flux Φ2 passing outward through surface 2?

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Electric Charges and Fields

One of the fundamental properties is the electromagnetic property. Charge cannot be destroyed by any process and this contributes formally to the law of charge conservation.