Ultrasonic diagnostics may be used to locate a tumor in an organ such as the liver. The figure shows a beam of ultrasonic waves that enter the surrounding medium, refract into the liver, reflect off the tumor, and refract back into the surrounding medium. If the speed of the wave as it travels through the liver is 8.5% less than when it is traveling through the surrounding medium, determine the depth of the tumor. cm Surrounding material. 14.0 cm Liver Tumor

Ultrasonic diagnostics may be used to locate a tumor in an organ such as the liver. The figure shows a beam of ultrasonic waves that enter the surrounding medium, refract into the liver, reflect off the tumor, and refract back into the surrounding medium. If the speed of the wave as it travels through the liver is 8.5% less than when it is traveling through the surrounding medium, determine the depth of the tumor. cm Surrounding material. 14.0 cm Liver Tumor

Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text

5th Edition

ISBN:9781133104261

Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett

Publisher:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett

Chapter27: Wave Optics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 17P: A riverside warehouse has several small doors facing the river. Two of these doors are open as shown...

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The speed of light in air is approximately v=3.00108 m/s and the speed of light in glass is v=2.00108 m/s . A red laser with a wavelength of =633.00 nm shines light incident of the glass, and some of the red light is transmitted to the glass. The frequency of the light is the same for the air and the glass. (a) What is the frequency of the light? (b) What is the wavelength of the light in the glass?
Figure P24.69 shows a radio-wave transmitter and a receiver, both h = 50.0 m above the ground and d = 6.00 102 m apart. The receiver can receive signals directly from the transmitter and indirectly from signals that bounce off the ground. If the ground is level between the transmitter and receiver and a /2 phase shift occurs upon reflection, determine the longest wavelengths that interior (a) constructively and (b) destructively. Figure P24.69
A riverside warehouse has several small doors facing the river. Two of these doors are open as shown in Figure P27.17. The walls of the warehouse are lined with sound-absorbing material. Two people stand at a distance L = 150 in from the wall with the open doors. Person A stands along a line passing through the midpoint between the open doors, and person B stands a distance y = 20 m to his side. A boat o the river sounds its horn. To person A, the sound is loud and clear. To person B, the sound is barely audible. The principal wavelength of the sound waves is 5.00 m. Assuming person B is at the position of the first minimum, determine the distance d between the doors, center to center.
What is the necessary condition on the path length difference between two waves that interfere (a) constructively and (b) destructively?
(a) Find the size of the smallest detail observable in human tissue with 20.0-MHz ultrasound. (b) Is its effective penetration depth great enough to examine the entire eye (about 3.00 cm is needed)? (c) What is the wavelength of such ultrasound in 0°C air?
Figure P36.35 shows a radio-wave transmitter and a receiver separated by a distance d = 50.0 m and both a distance h = 35.0 m above the ground. The receiver can receive signals both directly from the transmitter and indirectly from signals that reflect from the ground. Assume the ground is level between the transmitter and receiver and a 180 phase shift occurs upon reflection. Determine the longest wavelengths that interfere (a) constructively and (b) destructively. Figure P36.35 Problems 35 and 36.
Sound with a frequency 650 Hz from a distant source passes through a doorway 1.10 m wide in a sound-absorbing wall. Find (a) the number and (b) the angular directions of the diffraction minima at listening positions along a line parallel to the wall.
You are working at an open-air amphitheater, where rock concerts occur regularly. The venue has powerful loudspeakers mounted on 10.6-m-tall columns at various locations surrounding the audience. The loudspeakers emit sound uniformly in all directions. There are ladder steps sticking out from the columns, to help workers service the loudspeakers. Many times, audience members break through the protective fencing around the columns and climb upward on the columns to get a better view of the performers. The upcoming concert is by a group that states that several very-high-volume pulses of sound occur in their concerts, and these sounds are part of their artistic expression. The amphitheater owners are worried about people climbing the columns and being too close to the loudspeakers when these peak sounds are emitted. They do not want to be held responsible for injuries to audience members ears. Based on past performances of the group, you determine that the peak sound level is 150 dB measured 20.0 cm from the speakers on the columns. The owners ask you to determine the heights on the columns at which to mount impassable barricades to keep people from getting too close to the speakers and hearing sound above the threshold of pain.
Two loudspeakers, A and B, are separated by a distance of 2.0 m. The speakers emit sound waves at a frequency of 680 Hz that are exactly out of phase. The speed of sound is 343 m/s. What are the next three distances from speaker A along the +x axis will a points of destructive interference occur?
Two loudspeakers are placed above and below each other, as in Figure P14.40 and driven by the same source at a frequency of 4.50 x 102 Hz. An observer is in front of the speakers (to the right) at point O, at the same distance from each speaker. What minimum vertical distance upward should the top speaker be moved to create destructive interference at point O?
high-frequency sound waves exhibit less diffraction than low-frequency sound waves do. However, even high frequency sound waves exhibit much more diffraction under normal circumstances than do light waves that pass through the same opening. The highest frequency that a healthy ear can typically hear is 2.0 × 104 Hz. Assume that a sound wave with this frequency travels at 344 m/s and passes through a doorway that has a width of 0.95 m. (a) Determine the angle that locates the first minimum to either side of the central maximum in the diffraction pattern for the sound. (b) Suppose that yellow light (wavelength = 567 nm, in vacuum) passes through a doorway and that the first dark fringe in its diffraction pattern is located at the angle determined in part (a). How wide would this hypothetical doorway have to be?
The ship in Figure P14.35 travels along a straight line parallel to the shore and a distance d = 600 m from it. The ship’s radio receives simultaneous signals of the same frequency from antennas A and B , separated by a distance L = 800 m. The signals interfere constructively at point C , which is equidistant from A and B. The signal goes through the first minimum at point D , which is directly outward from the shore from point B . Determine the wavelength of the radio waves.