Using an appropriate diagram(s), explain the concept of direct and indirect finance. As a student of International Finance and Monetary Policy, explain the monetary policy approach the Central Bank should take when it wants to increase the GDP. Offer the tools that are available and the consequences, if any. Explain the theory of money demand and its relation to inflation in the economy. Use an appropriate equation to demonstrate this. Explain the concept of moral hazard in relation to financial systems.
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SECTION B: ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS
Using an appropriate diagram(s), explain the concept of direct and indirect finance.
As a student of International Finance and
Explain the theory of money demand and its relation to inflation in the economy. Use an appropriate equation to demonstrate this.
Explain the concept of moral hazard in relation to financial systems.
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- question 5 During financial/banking crises, central banks typically act as lenders of last resort to stabilize the financial system. Why is this role considered to be critical? options a. If there is a lender of last resort, this can induce another moral hazard problem between financial intermediaries and the central bank with high cost for the society. b. Large banks can be "too big to be rescued" c. Central banks are supposed to focus on inflation and the role of lender of last resort induces a conflict of interests. d. All of the aboveRead the following premise carefully and answer the questions specifically and in detail. You must answer the request with the correct information, showing that you understand and can properly apply the concepts. Try to address all the elements of each question and always express the answers in your own words. "Financial institutions such as banks, mortgage companies and finance companies serve as intermediaries between those with a surplus versus those with a deficit creating a market for capital injection." 1. Explain in detail the role of the financial market and its influence for capital injection.2. Analyze the responsibility of the financial system in the demand for investment versus the supply of savings.Role of Central Banks and Moral Hazards Central banks have injected moral hazard into global markets through 'bail-outs' and as lenders of last resort, which skews investor behavior toward risky assets because the downside of risk is being underwritten by the central banks. Thus, bubbles occur, and bubbles are bound to burst. Critically discuss this statement in 2000-3000 words.
- QUESTION 6 Commercial banks purchase gov't debt, which counts as assets of commercial banks. True False QUESTION 7 Commercial banks purchase mortgage backed securities, which counts as liabilities of commercial banks. True False QUESTION 8 Central bank increases money supply by giving cash to commercial banks for free. True False' Stricter capital and liquidity rules could lead to huge funding gaps , reducing lending , which could kill off economic recovery . Therefore , it is only right that amid growing concerns of another economic crash , financial institutions should be encouraged to lend out money as cheaply as possible to businesses and households . ' How far do you agree with the above statement ? Explain .In Pakistan there is currently a pensions crisis because the government did not plan pensions of public sector employees efficiently. Instead of raising funds from lifetime earnings of employees, and giving pensionsas returns on savings, pensions currently require budgetary allocation in Pakistan, leading to financial burden on government. In developed countries like the US, where people plan their own pensions this planning for retirement requires a lot of effort, forward thinking and knowledge of financial opportunities. Even then pensions are never completely secure in the US.So, this system is not entirely suitable in Pakistan. Examine the Pension Crisis from perspective of Permanent Income Hypothesis and its modern versions to explain the possible causes of this crisis. Related to causes in part I suggest solutions to the pension crisis in Pakistan
- Which of the following statements is incorrect?a. Holdings of liquid assets (or access to credit from financial institutions) reduce the likelihood of financial distress.b. Financial imbalances and asset price crashes have been the key source of recessions in the U.S. in recent past.c. The 1918-1919 Great Influenza pandemic did not lead to an economic depression, although it caused significant fatalities around the world.d. L-shaped recovery pattern in Greece in the aftermath of 2007-2009 global financial crisis was in part due to the unavailability of monetary policy tools to the Greek authorities (because of Euro membership)Question 8 True or False. A living will is a document that is ambulatory until the death of the decedent and then it describes how the decedent's property should be distributed. True False Question 9 Donald puts a lot of money into a bucket and gives Bernie a power of appointment over the money in the bucket. Bernie has the power to distribute that money only to himself, his creditors, his estate, or his estate's creditors. What is the correct name for his power of appointment? It is a/an: General power of appointment Limited power of appointment Question 10 True or False. The spousal consent rules for the annual exclusion require the non-donor spouse to consent to all gifts made by the donor spouse in that year; he or she cannot select which gifts he or she will join and which he or she will not. True FalseThere is a growing concern among tax payers that ‘too big to fail’ (TBTF) creates moral hazard problems and leads to excessive risk-taking and reckless investment decisions by large financial institutions. This unfortunately exposes the tax payer and the economic system to excessive cost. What are the issues surrounding “too big to fail”? Is it possible for the legislative authority to simply “outlaw” TBTF institutions? Why or why not?
- The discount window provides: Question 10 options: loans to banks at low interest rates, so they can lend more money out to the public. guaranteed emergency funds for banks in trouble at a higher interest rate than federal funds rate. loans to banks at low interest rates, only when the economy is doing well. guaranteed emergency funds for banks in trouble at a lower interest rate than others.Monetary policy: Monetary policy refers to the use of interest rates and other monetary tools by the central bank to influence the economy. In the case of a severe negative supply shock, the central bank may lower interest rates to stimulate borrowing and investment, which can boost demand and offset the reduction in supply. However, this may lead to inflation if the increased demand leads to higher prices, which can further erode the purchasing power of consumers. Explain this graphically please.Role of Central Banks and Moral Hazards Central banks have injected moral hazard into global markets, which skews investor behavior toward risky assets because the downside of risk is being underwritten by the central banks. Thus, bubbles occur, and bubbles are bound to burst. Provide an in-depth analysis of the case provided. Analyze the facts, identify key legal issues with supporting opinions, and arguments.