using example what is a degenerate primer? with the aid of diagrams discuss how degenerate primers are used to introduce random mutations in a gene and list some advantages and disadvantages of generating modified protein by this method .
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using example what is a degenerate primer? with the aid of diagrams discuss how degenerate primers are used to introduce random mutations in a gene and list some advantages and disadvantages of generating modified protein by this method .
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- discuss using named examples some of the disadvantages of protein engineering using site directed and random mutagenesisdiscuss using named examples some of the advantages and disadvantages of protein engineering using site directed and random mutagenesisDiscuss the difference between frameshift vs. substitution mutation and give an example of how frameshift can completely damage a protein while substitution could have no effect on the protein made.
- Compare replicative transposition and conservative transposition by constructing a 3D model showing the mechanism of the movement of the transposable elements in each type.How can deletion experiments within gene sequences help identify important DNA sequences for the expression of a gene? Discuss how this was done to initially identify UP elements. What is the result of deleting an UP element?Based on the alignment of these protein sequences, which [pairs] of the genes appear to be most similar to each other? And give reasons why?
- Although a large number of mutagenic chemicals are known,none is known that induces mutations in only a single gene(gene-specific mutagenesis). From what you know aboutmutagens, explain why it is unlikely that a gene-specificchemical mutagen will be found. How then is site-specificmutagenesis accomplished?Based on the alignment of these protein sequences below, which [pairs] of the genes appear to be most similar to each other? [at least mention 2 points]; Why? [at least mention 2 points] Image of the protein sequences :A molecular geneticist hopes to find a Gene in human liver cell that codes for an important blood-clotting protein,he knows that the nucleotide sequence of a small part of the Gene is GTGGACTGACA.briefly explain how to obtain gene
- For a specific type of mutation at a given location in a particular gene, identify whether it will affect the size of the mRNA, the protein, or both. How would the mutant appear on a gel in comparison to the originalSuppose that the diagram below represents the genomic organization of an enzyme involved in eye pigment production in mice. Within the gene are four exons. Biochemical analysis has revealed that the active site of the enzyme is located in the C terminus of the protein. -The nucleotide length of each exon and intron is shown. -The dinucleotide sequence GT represents the 5’ splice site and the dinucleotide sequence AG represents the 3’ splice site. Both the 5’ and the 3’ splice sites must be present for splicing to occur. Assume that the first and second stop codons are located immediately after the first and second 5’ splice sites, respectively; the third and fourth stop codons are located near the 3’ end of exons 3 and 4, respectively; all these stop codons are in the correct reading frame. a) draw what the processed mRNA will look like. Include the start codon on the mRNA and label the approximate locations of the 5’ UTR and 3’ UTR on the transcript. (You do not need to add the 5’ CAP…An important validation of the genetic code occurred when George Streisinger determined the amino acid sequence of bacteriophage T4 lysozyme and of mutants induced by proflavin, a dye with a planar structure that can intercalate (fit) between successive base pairs in DNA and induce frameshift mutations—that is, mutations involving additions or deletions of a single base. Streisinger and colleagues found that a particular single-base insertion mutation could be suppressed, with wild-type function restored, by a mutation that evidently involved a single-base deletion at a nearby site. Shown below are portions of the amino acid sequence of wild-type T4 lysozyme and the putative double mutant. The remaining parts of the sequence were unchanged. Identify mRNA sequences that could encode each of these amino acid sequences and determine whether your codon assignments are consistent with the genetic code.Wild-type …Lys–Ser–Pro–Ser–Leu–Asn–Ala…Double mutant …Lys–Val–His–His–Leu–Met–Ala…