Vaccines have effectively prevented many viral diseases. Attempts over many years to develop an effective vaccine against HIV disease and AIDS, however, have so far met with little success. Why is this so?
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Vaccines have effectively prevented many viral diseases. Attempts over many years to develop an effective vaccine against HIV disease and AIDS, however, have so far met with little success. Why is this so?
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- The Adaptive Immune Response Is a Specific Defense Against Infection Researchers have been having a difficult time developing a vaccine against a certain pathogenic virus as a result of the lack of a weakened strain. They turn to you because of your wide knowledge of recombinant DNA technology and the immune system. How could you vaccinate someone against the virus, using a cloned gene from the virus that encodes a cell-surface protein?Effective vaccines have been developed against diseases such as hepatitis B,smallpox, polio, tetanus, influenza, and the measles. But what about AIDS?Why might an HIV/AIDS vaccine actually give some people a false sense of security?
- Research on HIV vaccines is progressing, but success to date has been limited to vaccines that are of limited effectiveness against a few strains of the HIV virus. However, flu vaccines are similar in their limitations. Why are ‘limited effectiveness flu vaccines released, but not HIV vaccines? Answer:Research on HIV vaccines is progressing, but success to date has been limited to vaccines that are of limited effectiveness against a few strains of the HIV virus. However, flu vaccines are similar in their limitations. Why are ‘limited effectiveness flu vaccines released, but not HIV vaccines?Efforts to produce an HIV vaccine have met with limited success. What aspects of the virus and its replicative strategy make it difficult to produce a vaccine against HIV? What other kind of virus might be similarly different to vaccinate against? What similarities and differences exist between the two types of virus that account for the differences in vaccine production?
- Beginning in the 1900s how/ where did scientists produce vaccines instead of depending on human bodies to directly produce it?Many vaccines provide years of protection against a disease. Why doesn't the influenza vaccine offer more than a few months of protection?It used to be that our only method of creating vaccines was to use dead or weakened pathogens. That is no longer the case - what are some newer options that are available to researchers?
- As conversations about vaccines goes on around the various social media platforms,why would scientists want to study these conversations and what might they may be able to learn from these social networks?Why doesn't a vaccine cause a person to get ill?Some older vaccines used a weakened strain of the pathogenic virus in the injection in the hope that the weakened virus would induce an immune response without causing disease. The virus vectors used in genetic engineering have all the harmful virus genes cut out and replaced with the foreign gene, such as one that makes a protein that is absent in the human patient. Which type of viral vaccine would you prefer to take as the safest option? Why?