Valeria Wilson QUESTION GUIDE 5 EXIT TEST ADD NOTE D» 6. The following image is from a newly discovered solar system. Star Sun Based on your knowledge of our solar system, which planet would take the least amount of time to orbit the star? Planet D Planet A NEXT > REVIEW & SUBMI 9. 10 6. 4:52 PM 4) 11/4/2020

Valeria Wilson QUESTION GUIDE 5 EXIT TEST ADD NOTE D» 6. The following image is from a newly discovered solar system. Star Sun Based on your knowledge of our solar system, which planet would take the least amount of time to orbit the star? Planet D Planet A NEXT > REVIEW & SUBMI 9. 10 6. 4:52 PM 4) 11/4/2020

Astronomy

1st Edition

ISBN:9781938168284

Author:Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. Wolff

Publisher:Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. Wolff

Chapter21: The Birth Of Stars And The Discovery Of Planets Outside The Solar System

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 21E: Exoplanets in eccentric orbits experience large temperature swings during their orbits. Suppose you...

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One way to recognize a distant planet is by its motion along its orbit. If Uranus circles the Sun in 84 years, how many arc seconds will it move in 24 hours? (For the purposes of this problem, ignore the motion of Earth.)
What evidence can you cite that planets orbit other stars?
Exoplanets in eccentric orbits experience large temperature swings during their orbits. Suppose you had to plan for a mission to such a planet. Based on Kepler’s second law, does the planet spend more time closer or farther from the star? Explain.
Respond to each statement, true or false: (a) No force of gravity acts on an astronaut in an orbiting space station. (b) At three Earth radii from the center of Earth, the acceleration of gravity is one-ninth its surface value. (c) If two identical planets, each with surface gravity g and volume V, coalesce into one planet with volume 2V, the surface gravity of the new planet is 2g. (d) One kilogram of gold would have greater value on Earth than on the Moon.
Consider Figure 13.23 in Tidal Forces. This diagram represents the tidal forces for spring tides. Sketch a similar diagram for neap tides. (Hint: For simplicity, imagine that the Sun and the Moon contribute equally. Your diagram would be the vector sum of two force fields (as in Figure 13.23), reduced by a factor of two, and superimposed at right angles.)
Why did Greek astronomers conclude that the heavens were made up of perfect crystalline spheres moving at constant speeds?
The orbital period of Charon is given in the chapter text. Given that the average distance of Charon from Pluto is 19,600 km, calculate the mass of Pluto. Assume the mass of Charon is negligible compared with the mass of Pluto. (Hints: Use the circular orbit velocity formula in Reasoning with Numbers 4-1; make sure to convert relevant quantities to units of meters, kilograms, and seconds.)
Neptune orbits the Sun with a period of 164.8 years. What is its average distance from the Sun?
According to the solar nebula theory, why is the Earth’s orbit nearly in the plane of the Sun’s equator?
How was Tycho’s model of the Universe similar to the Ptolemaic model? How did it resemble the Copernican model?
Open-Ended Response Assessment from Kepler's Laws What are the shapes of the orbits of the planets according to Kepler's first law?
What fractional decrease in flux, δF/F, would be caused by an Earth-like planet transiting a Sun-like star? If a transit of the Earth across the Sun were viewed by a very distant observer in the Earth’s orbital plane, how long would the transit last?[Hint:You will need the orbital velocity of the Earth,vorb= 30km s−1.]