Variables in Bash scripts: Can be integers, floats and pointers Natively support Unicode Expanded within single quotes Use copy-on-write Are allocated on stack
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- Language: Python Goal: implement decryption in the attached code block import argparse import os import time import sys import string # Handle command-line arguments parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() parser.add_argument("-d", "--decrypt", help='Decrypt a file', required=False) parser.add_argument("-e", "--encrypt", help='Encrypt a file', required=False) parser.add_argument("-o", "--outfile", help='Output file', required=False) args = parser.parse_args() encrypting = True try: ciphertext = open(args.decrypt, "rb").read() try: plaintext = open(args.encrypt, "rb").read() print("You can't specify both -e and -d") exit(1) except Exception: encrypting = False except Exception: try: plaintext = open(args.encrypt, "rb").read() except Exception: print("Input file error (did you specify -e or -d?)") exit(1) def lrot(n, d): return ((n << d) & 0xff) | (n >> (8 - d)) if encrypting: #…The questions should be solved using Linux Bash Scripting. In the file there should be solution code and one/two screenshot for running of program. Student id and names should be written inside the file. The assignment should be sent as PDF. Upload Link: https://forms.office.com/r/JfpSa2dDi8 Question 1. Read "n" and generate following pattern according to givennas below. Ex: for given value forn:4\[ \begin{array}{l} 1 \\ 23 \\ 456 \\ 78910 \end{array} \]Implement a password cracker using C++ Source code must be well documented (comments). You will be provided with an unsalted hashed password file that contains password hashes for different users. Also, you will be provided with a dictionary file(in clear text) containing the most common passwords. You should implement the offline dictionary attack by trying SHA1 and SHA2 algorithms. Also, your program should brute force all possible alphanumeric(only small cases) passwords from 1 to 4 characters using SHA1 and SHA2 algorithms against all hashed passwords left from the offline dictionary attack (if any).
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- 2. For the code below, draw a picture of the program stack when the function partition() is called the 2nd time. # extracted from suquant's reply at # https://stackoverflow.com/questions/18262306/quicksort-with-python def partition(array, begin, end): pivot = begin for i in range(begin+1, end+1): if array[i] <= array[begin]: pivot += 1 array[i], array[pivot] = array[pivot], array[i] array[pivot], array[begin] = array[begin], array[pivot] return pivot def quicksort(array, begin, end): if begin >= end: return pivot = partition(array, begin, end) quicksort(array, begin, pivot-1) quicksort(array, pivot+1, end) # added calling code if __name__ == "__main__": mylist = [8, 2, 17, 4, 12] quicksort(mylist, 0, 4)Python, input file has the following structure (number, then animal each on a line): 4Cows5Camels1Peacock3Whales4Lions2Scorpions Two output files are required:first output_file: sort by (dictionary) key but those sharing the same key should be listed on the same line with a ";" separated 1: Peacock2: Scorpions3: Whales4: Cows; lions ------------------------------> separated by ';' because they share the same key 45: Camels second output_file:Only values are sorted as follows and written to file: CamelsCowsLions PeacockScorpionsWhales Thank youLinux general memory layout includes stack, heap, data, and code. stack memory relations stores local variables heap: dynamic memory for programmer to allocate data: stores global variables, separated into initialized and uninitialized code: stores the code being executed Use the following code to answer the questions that follow #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> int x; int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int y=3 printf(": %p\n", main); int* z = malloc(100e6); printf("location of stack: %p\n", &y); return 0; } Where are the possible memory addresses of the above variables? Address Location x y main z *z