Variant that matures and becomes fertile early and is short-liv Variant that matures and becomes fertile early and is long-liv Variant that is robust, long-lived, and sterile.
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- 77)Each graph below shows the frequency of the A allele in six simulated populations (each line in a graph) over 500 generations. Each of the six simulations within a graph were done with the exact same settings of relative fitness among the genotypes and population size BUT these settings differed between the four graphs. Which graph shows a situation in which the effect of selection is the highest relative to the effect of drift? C D A BIn a hypothetical species of mice, the shaggy gene determines hair length. S is the dominant allele and confers the short hair phenotype. Homozygous ss individuals have long hair. There are 422 long-haired mice and 278 short-haired mice in the population. How many shaggy gene alleles are in this population? a- 700 b- 350 c- 2800 d- 1400The relative fitness values of three genotypes are wA/A =1.0, wA/a = 1.0, and wa/a = 0.7.a. If the population starts at the allele frequency p =0.5, what is the value of p in the next generation?b. What is the predicted equilibrium allele frequency ifthe rate of mutation of A to a is 2 × 10−5?
- A new beneficial allele arises in a population, and it confers a moderate fitness benefit(s=0.01).A. If the mutation is partially recessive (h=0.2), what is the probability of fixation?B. If the mutation is additive (h=0.5), what is the probability of fixation?C. Explain in 1-2 sentences why the probability of fixation depends on the dominancecoefficient.The MN blood group is of interest to population geneticists because (a) people with genotype MN cannot receive blood transfusions from either MM or NN people (b) the MM, MN, and NN genotype frequencies can be observed directly and compared with calculated expected frequencies (c) the M allele is dominant to the N allele (d) people with the MN genotype exhibit frequency-dependent selection (e) people with the MN genotype exhibit heterozygote advantageScenario 1In the 1960s, a population of squirrels (Sciurus carolensis) was being studied in Alabama and the coat color of the squirrels was found to range from the more common gray color (dominant) to the less common red color (recessive). When they sampled an area, they found 536 gray squirrels and 64 red squirrels. Assume that the population is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. 2A. Show your work to find the frequency of the dominant allele.
- 2) In 1999 suppose that in a field of snapdragons (a type of flower), there are 8000 red snapdragons (RR), 4000 pink snapdragons (RW), and 2000 white snapdragons (WW). In 2016 there are 10000 red snapdragons (RR), 2000 pink snapdragons (RW) and 1000 white snapdragons (WW) a) Calculate the genotypic frequencies of the population in 1999 and in 2016. b) Calculate the allele frequencies of the parent population 1999 and 2016. c) Is micro-evolution occurring? Explain and provide a possible explanation for why this bee pollinated plant might be experiencing micro-evolution.The Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium Principles assumes all of the following except_______ A. The genome has only one locus with two alleles B. Large population size C. Mutation rate=0.0 D. Absence of migration E. All genotypes have egual fitness (w=1)3. a. Why are most populations not in Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium? b. There is an ancient village population of humans. We know very little about this population. How can we use genetics to determine if the societal system of the village was matrilocal or patrilocal? c. There was variation in a rat phenotype (coat color.) The coat colors ranged from dark color coats to light color coats. As the rats migrated into the basements of campus, the light color rats were more likely to be caught by the campus cat. Over time, the basement rat population shifted to entirely dark color coats. This is an example of what kind of selection? d. Explain how a genetic bottleneck could lead to higher susceptibility of a disease, such cancer, in that population.
- 1a. Describe three types of genetic variants and briefly describe the mechanisms that generate them in the genome . b. Describe how genetic variation in Sub-Saharan African populations is related to genetic variation in populations outside Africa. What are the population genetic effects and historical events that created these genetic variation patterns? c. Is it possible to distinguish a population bottleneck from a selective sweep? Explain your answer briefly. d. What is the relationship between selection and variant pathogenicity? e. Describe a plausible biological reason for observing perfect LD in a sample of individuals from a populationIn this version of the simulation (500 population size; 500 carrying capacity), all fish are equally likely (though not 100% likely) to survive and reproduce. There are no mutations, nor are there any entering or leaving the population. When they reproduce, they choose a mate from the pool at random and produce ten offspring by chance with the probability of the offspring’s genotypes determined by the punnett square. What caused the allele frequencies to change and vary in the trials? (ex attached).Scenario 1In the 1960s, a population of squirrels (Sciurus carolensis) was being studied in Alabama and the coat color of the squirrels was found to range from the more common gray color (dominant) to the less common red color (recessive). When they sampled an area, they found 536 gray squirrels and 64 red squirrels. Assume that the population is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. 3A. Show your work to find the number of heterozygous squirrels.