VERTICAL AXIS AS AD HORIZONTAL AXIS The vertical axis of the aggregate demand and aggregate supply model measures the overall The aggregate curve shows the quantity of goods and services that firms produce and sell at each price level. a O
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- If inflation rises from 10 to 14 percent, explain what happens to real andnominal interest rates according to the Fisher effect? Could you provide an answer for both real and nominal aspect?he classical model is appropriate for analysis of the economy in the Answer long run, since evidence indicates that money is not neutral in the long run. long run, since real and nominal variables are essentially determined separately in the long run. short run, provided money is not neutral. short run, provided real and nominal variables are highly intertwined.Using the model of business fluctuations, show the effect of the COVID-19. Recall that COVID-19 shut down production in a series of important U.S. industries and caused considerable job losses. Fear of the virus caused Americans to travel less, buy fewer personal services, and consume fewer restaurant meals. (b) The Fed responded to the economic effects of COVID-19 by cutting interest rates while Congress passed a large relief package (i.e., an increase in government spending). Show each of these effects on a separate diagram.
- What are the differences between the Fisherian and Cambridge versions of the quantity theory of money? In the Classical model, what role does money have in determining output, employment, the price level and the interest rate ? Show by diagrams.(A Two-Period Sticky-Price Model). Consider a two-period, sticky-price economy like the one studied in lectures 11-13. Suppose that the household’s intertemporal optimality condition is of the form C2 C1 = β P1 P2 (1 + i), where C1 and C2 denote consumption in periods 1 and 2, P1 = P2 = 1 denote the price levels in periods 1 and 2, β = 0.9 denotes the subjective discount factor, and i denotes the nominal interest rate, which must satisfy the zero lower bound (ZLB). Suppose further that the full employment levels of output in periods 1 and 2 are given by Y¯ 1 = Y¯ 2 = 1, and that the economy is always at full employment in period 2 (the long run). Part 1: Suppose the central bank sets the nominal interest rate at the level i ∗ that minimizes unemployment without overheating. Calculate i ∗ . Part 2: Suppose that due to bad expected meteorological conditions, the full-employment level of output in period 2 is revised down to 0.8. Suppose that in response to this news, in period 1 the…Read the following extract and answer questions 1. and 2. Pay rises offered despite Bank of England plea for restraint over inflationEmployers are set to increase wages at their fastest pace in almost a decade this year despite a plea for pay restraint from the governor of the Bank of England.Some 46 per cent of companies struggling to keep hold of workers have already raised the pay of incumbent staff, according to research, and 40 per cent are planning to do so in future. 1. Which of the following macroeconomic objectives is being pursued by the Bank of England? a) Price stabilityb) Full employmentc) Economic growthd) Wage rate stability 2. As companies in England increase wages, the greatest impact on economic growth will be on which of the following sources of growth? a) Labour supplyb) Human capitalc) Productivityd) Capital stock
- The classical model is appropriate for analysis of the economy in the long run, since evidence indicates that money is not neutral in the long run. long run, since real and nominal variables are essentially determined separately in the long run. short run, provided money is not neutral. short run, provided real and nominal variables are highly intertwined.what is the mean by the "time inconsistency"of economic policy? why might policymakers be tempted to renege on an annoucement they made earlier ? in this situation, what is the advantage of a policy rule? explain how it might arise in the case of the short run trade off between inflation and unemployement?Suppose an economist believes that the price level in the economy is directly related to the money supply, or the amount of money circulating in the economy. The economist proposes the following relationship: P=A×MP=A×M • P=Price LevelP=Price Level • M=Money SupplyM=Money Supply • A=A composite of other factors, including real GDP, that change very slowly over time.A=A composite of other factors, including real GDP, that change very slowly over time. How might an economist gather empirical data to test the proposed relationship between money and the price level?
- Summarize the Keynesian and Neoclassical models.Elaborate on how one or more of the microeconomic components, namely consumption, investment, supply and demand for money influence macroeconomic outcomes and formulations of the following macroeconomic theories: Solow Growth Model The Mundell-Fleming model Neoclassical Model of Investment Use mathematical equations and graphs where necessary.What is the Neoclassical Economics view of labor markets. How do they function? Does the economy produce full employment? How? If not, why?