What are homologous structures? A body structure that is present in one lineage but absent in another closely related lineage. Body structures that are similar but evolved independently in different lineages Body structures that are similar in different lineages because they are derived from a feature present in a common ancestor

What are homologous structures? A body structure that is present in one lineage but absent in another closely related lineage. Body structures that are similar but evolved independently in different lineages Body structures that are similar in different lineages because they are derived from a feature present in a common ancestor

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter24: Systematics And Phylogenetics: Revealing The Tree Of Life

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1ITD: The phylogenetic tree for 12 cat species (Felidae) reproduced at right was assembled from molecular...

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What are sister groups? Two groups of closely related organisms that share a common ancestor Two groups of distantly related organisms that share a common ancestor Two groups of organisms that look similar but are actually not related Two groups of closely related organisms that do not share a common ancestor
what is phylogeny? A group whose members share one or more defining derived traits The evolutionary history of a species or a group of species The process of making hypotheses about evolutionary relationships among clades
Which of the following is true: Clades are groupings that reflect levels of adaptation or overall similarity and not necessarily actual evolutionary relationships. A grade is a grouping of organisms that reflect a branch of the evolutionary tree, Prosimii and Anthropoidea are an alternative grade-based classification Genetic evidence suggests that Tarsiers are more closely related to Lemurs and Lorises than they are to haplorhines None of the above
Looking at the present, the evolutionary relationships between extant species can be seen in the presence of body parts sharing a common basic design. These structures are descended from a common ancestor. Sometimes, structures which no longer serve their original function are found in modern species. What is this structure?
Derived characters are traits that characterize the last common ancestor that a particular collection of species share. evolved after the last common ancestor that a particular collection of species share. are less suited to the environment than ancestral characters. are more complicated than ancestral characters.
The phylogenetic tree for 12 cat species (Felidae) reproduced at right was assembled from molecular sequence data. Which species is the domestic cats closest relative? Which clade is the sister taxon to tigers? Are bobcats more closely related to cougars or to ocelots? Source: From Warren E. Johnson et al. 2006. The late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae: A genetic assessment. Science 311:7377.
Which of the following is not a known bias in the fossil record? Fossils from well-studied areas are more likely to appear in the fossil record More abundant species are more likely to be found and in the fossil record Mammals preserve better than birds. Shells and skeletons preserve better than soft-bodied animals.
Answer the following questions about this phylogenetic tree. What animal represents the out group in this tree and why? What is the derived characteristic of the birds? What is the shared characteristic of 3 to 6? Which number represents the common ancestor of Ostriches and Hawks?
The taxon Crocodilia includes crocodiles, Aves includes birds, and Squamata includes snakes and lizards. If we think of Crocodilia and Squamata as reptiles, what kind of phylogenetic group do they form? (paraphyletic, monophyletic, polyphyletic)
Tarsiers are one of the small species of primates generally found in tropical islands like Bohol, Philippines. Gibbons are small apes usually found in the forests of Southeast Asian regions. Chimpanzees are considered to be the highest form of "thinking organisms" on Earth. The theory of evolution asserts that these species evolved from a related ancestor. By observing the given figure. How will you support or reject the said claim?
Whales and sharks both have dorsal fins which keep them stable while swimming through the water. This feature is very similar in both groups, despite them being only distantly related. The feature evolved independently in both groups. This is an example of a/an: Analagous structure Parallel evolution Homologous structure Preadaptation
Which of the following is a problem with applying the phylogenetic species concept? Some individuals we think are different species can interbreed Some individuals look exceedingly similar Increased DNA sequencing could lead to different definitions of species No one knows how to make a phylogeny