What are the Characteristics that set serum sickness and the Arthus reaction apart from anaphylaxis?

Q: What type of immune response involved in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

A: The systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks…

Q: List two physical responses of systemic anaphylaxis that can lead to rapid death.

A: Anaphylaxis is an allergic reaction that could potentially be life-threatening in severe cases. It…

Q: hat are the mitigating measures to prevent the escalation of the black Sigatoka disease? Explain.

A: A disease is a condition in which an organism's physiological functions are dysfunctional (either a…

Q: What is the indication for Allergic reaction, shrimp with facial angioedema?

A: Shellfish allergies are commonly seen among  adults and adolescents. A cause of Angioedema can be an…

Q: What are ABO blood-group antigens?

A: A blood type (also known as a blood group) is a classification of blood, based on the presence and…

Q: What is the other name of eosinophils?

A:

Q: What role do stromal cells play in hematopoiesis?

A: Hematopoietic(blood-forming) stem cells are more specialized cells than embryonic stem cells and can…

Q: What is the significance of a rise in titer of specific antibodies in serum samples taken at…

A: Antibodies or immunoglobulins are the Y-shaped molecules that are responsible for binding to the…

Q: Define the term anaphylaxis. what are its types?

A: Allergy can be defined as the immune system that responds to a foreign substance that is not…

Q: List three virulence factors and explain their role in establishing a disease. What is the…

A: Answers

Q: What is the virulence factor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A: Virulence factors are specific molecules of pathogenic organisms that cause the invasion against the…

Q: Serum sickness belongs to what type of hypersensitivity? What causes serum sickness?

A: Hypersensitivity occurs when body produces an unnecessary and undesirable immune response following…

Q: What are virulence factors?

A: Pathogens are the disease causing organisms which enters body and escapes the host immune system.…

Q: What is the pathogen of SARS?

A: SARS is severe acute respiratory syndrome. It is a fatal respiratory illness. SARS was the infection…

Q: What is Allergy (Hypersensitivity)?

A: When immune system responds abnormally to a foreign substance like antigen or an allergen  , it's…

Q: What virulence factor, present in Streptococcuspneumoniae but absent from Salmonella enterica,…

A: A disease is a state of unhealthiness of the physical body, mind and social interaction. A disease…

Q: What major virulence factors are produced by Salmonella?

A: The ability of the pathogen to multiply within the host or the degree of pathology caused by the…

Q: How do Schistosoma species avoid antibodies?

A: Schistosoma species avoid antibodies as the mimic the host by coating themselves with the host blood…

Q: What is Cytotoxic Hypersensitivity?

A: The immune system composed of cells, tissues, proteins, and organs. Its main function is to protect…

Q: How is the bivalence of antibodies significant for a precipitationreaction, and under what…

A: Antibodies are the Y-shaped molecules that are responsible for binding to the foreign particles and…

Q: What blood cell type does vivax infect?

A: Plasmodium vivax is a protozoal parasite  and a human pathogen This parasite is the responsible for…

Q: What is the significance of the level of IgM antibodies in clinical diagnosis?

A: In our body,  immunoglobulin is the antibody that has the power to protect us from any pathogen as a…

Q: What is the distinction between a person who has anHIV infection and a person who has AIDS?

A: Microorganisms are those organisms that are not seen by the naked eye and can be seen only with the…

Q: How are atopic allergies similar to anaphylaxis, and how are they different?

A: Some patients with high serum levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) do not develop allergy symptoms,…

Q: what is antidote of digoxin.

A: An antidote is a chemical or drug that is used to reduce or neutralize the effect of another drug or…

Q: What are AGA and EMA antibodies? Explain the connection between the presence of antibodies and the…

A: The celiac disease is due to an inadequate immune response to a gluten protein component called…

Q: How many times should a child be vaccinated against tetanus?

A: The tetanus vaccine is part of a prescribed series of childhood and adult vaccinations to protect…

Q: what factors influence the host's susceptibility to dengue

A: Dangerous Components of the DHF consist of Aedes mosquito contamination, heat and humid climate that…

Q: How are atopic allergies similar to anaphylaxis, and how are theydifferent?

A: Anaphylaxis is a serious, life-threatening allergic reaction. It can occur within seconds or minutes…

Q: Which body cells or tissues are affected by hemolysins, leukocidins,hyaluronidase, kinases, tetanus…

A: The human body is a well built machine in which all the organs coordinate together to make it work.…

Q: What is hypersensetivity? Explain the treatment of anaphylactic shock

A: Hypersensitivity is a condition of altered reactivity in which normally protective immune system has…

Q: What role does the spleen play during a malaria infection? How does this contribute to some of the…

A: Malaria is a disease caused by protozoan parasites of the Plasmodium group. It is characterised by a…

Q: What is the Mechanism of action of epinephrine focusing on the respiratory system in anaphylaxis

A: Introduction:- Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can be life-threatening. It can happen…

Q: How does Humoral Immune response to SARS_COV-2?

A: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS_COV-2) is defined as the strain of the virus…

Q: What are H and N spikes and how do they affect immunity in relation to the flue and why is it…

A: Common cold or flu is a viral infection that is transmitted through the air from person-to-person.…

Q: What are antigenic determininants? What is their role, and how do they function?

A: An antigen is a substance that is regarded as foreign by our immune system. The antigen induces our…

Q: Where is Rocky Mountain spotted fever commonly found? What symptoms and activities would justify…

A: Rocky mountain fever is caused by bacteria of the Rickettsia species. This can be spread by the…

Q: Enuresis is considered as a symptom of what?

A: Elimination disorder It means disorder associated with urination or defication.  Types: Retentive or…

Q: What is the role of coagulase in the pathogenesis of S. aureus?

A: Coagulase is a proteinaceous enzyme.

Q: What are some clinical examples of type IV hypersensitivity?

A: Introduction :- Exaggerated or inappropriate immune reactions to an antigen or allergen are known as…

Q: Is Catalase is a virulence factor?

A: Catalase is a compound which is present in the liver that separates harmful hydrogen peroxide into…

Q: What are the clinical features of the common immunodeficiency disorders?

A: A condition that deteriorates the normal functioning of the cells, tissues, and organs is known as…

Q: What is the characteristic lesion of erythema multiforme?

A: Erythema multiform (EM) is a skin condition that is characterized by the presence of red, raised…

Q: Given that there is currently no cure for mad cow disease, what is likely to be the most effective…

A: Mad cow disease or bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a contagious neurodegenerative disease…

Q: what are the immunologic/serologic manifestations of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome?

A: Streptococcus toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a condition in which the entire organ system collapses,…

Q: Why do you think the treatment for treating the serious life-threatening condition of anaphylaxis is…

A: Treatment for treating the serious life - threatening condition like anaphylaxis requires immediate…

Q: What are the virulence factors of Salmonella typhi? Explain each factors in simple terms.

A: Salmonella typhi is a rod shaped, flagellated Gram Negative bacteria. Its virulece factors are the…

Q: What are the Common allergens classified by portal of entry?

A: A material that can produce an allergic reaction is referred to as an allergen. The immune system of…

Respiratory Infections

Respiratory infections are infectious diseases of the respiratory tract that are mostly caused by bacteria and viruses. They cause infections of the throat, sinuses, airway path, and lungs. Respiratory infections are typically divided into two types: upper tract respiratory infection and lower tract respiratory infection.