What do pathogenesis related proteins and phytoalexins have in common? How do they differ?
Q: What component of the gram-negative cell has endotoxinproperties?
A: Endotoxins are part of the outer membrane of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. Endotoxin is…
Q: Do common fungi such as bread mold produce antimicrobial compounds?
A: The fungi are cosmopolitan and are almost found everywhere. There are variety of fungi present…
Q: Why are exotoxins more potent than endotoxins?
A: A lot of endotoxins is expected to causes a disease and consequently, their intensity (potency)…
Q: Explain how adherence, capsules, cell wall components, and enzymes contribute to pathogenicity
A: Introduction :-Pathogenicity is defined as the ability of a pathogenic agent to cause disease in…
Q: How is an enterotoxin different from endotoxin?
A: Bacteria use various biochemicals as a defense against various drugs and the host immune system. It…
Q: Compared with all other foodborne or waterborne pathogens,what is unique about prions?
A: The proteins are made of amino acids. The amino acids are of 20 types that combine in a varied…
Q: C. bot and C. tetani are considered true pathogens while C. dificile is considered an opportunist.…
A: Clostridium botulinum They are gram positive , spore forming rods . The organism are anaerobic.…
Q: Does Mycobacterium tuberculosis produce an exotoxin or endotoxin Discuss how this affects the host.…
A: This question is based on the mycobacterium tuberculosis and the difference between endotoxin and…
Q: Why is MRSA not confined to transmission only in hospitals?
A: MRSA is the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus that is a resistant strain of S. aureus. It…
Q: What role do virulence factors play in the four phases of infection? Describe the infection stage…
A: A disease is an abnormal state of an organism that disrupts biological processes. It might be acute,…
Q: Which body systems are commonly infected by Haemophilus species?
A: Bacteria are unicellular and prokaryotic organisms that live in wide variety of environments. It…
Q: What makes the Amanita phalloides toxins so harmful that even one cap can kill an adult?
A: Amanita phalloides is a most poisonous mushroom. Every part of mushroom is highly poisonous and…
Q: Construct at table to compare and contrast the 5 steps of microbial pathogenesis. How does…
A: Microbial pathogenesis is the ability of microbes, or their components, to cause infection in a host…
Q: Which of the following is NOT a likely portal of entry for a pathogen to enter a healthy body with…
A: microorganisms can enter our body via many routes.
Q: What are the portals of entry AND exit of salmonella Typhi? (specific body parts – name both…
A: Microorganisms are small organisms that are not visible to the naked but can be seen only with the…
Q: Explain what exotoxins are, including how they are different from endotoxins in structure, function…
A: Answer: Introduction: Endotoxins means a lipopolysaccharide-protein complexes that are produced by…
Q: Describe the differences in bacterial endotoxin and bacterial exotoxins with respect to mode of…
A: Endotoxin Exotoxin Mode of Action Endotoxins are agents of pathogenicity of Gram-negative…
Q: Name one characteristic that makes the stomach a less suitable environment for pathogens
A: Stomach is the largest part of elementary canal it has sac like appearance. It is the part of…
Q: Discuss the following virulence factors: collagenase, hemolysin, siderophore. For each, explain the…
A: Please follow step 2 for detailed explanation
Q: If endotoxin can not convert to toxoids how can we treat endotoxin?
A: Endotoxin is a toxin present inside a bacterial cell that is released when it disintegrates.…
Q: Due to what the Bt toxin present in plant tissue as protoxin is converted into active toxin?
A: Pesticide is a chemical constituent which is used to kill the pest like insects which is harmful to…
Q: Compare exotoxin from endotoxin based on the following features
A: Toxins are dangerous substances produced by live cells or organisms; synthetic toxicants made by…
Q: other than contributing to the virulence of the organism, what other functions do capsule have?
A: The capsule has a primary function which is contributing to that of virulence factor by its anti…
Q: Histoplasmosis is coined by addition of the prefix osis to the generic name of the pathogen. * O…
A: Infections/diseases can be caused by a variety of pathogenic microorganisms. Viruses, bacteria,…
Q: How does Listeria monocytogenes avoid being killed by phagocytes?
A: Introduction Phagocytosis:- It is a cellular process for ingesting and eliminating particles larger…
Q: Which body cells or tissues are affected by hemolysins, leukocidins,hyaluronidase, kinases, tetanus…
A: The human body is a well built machine in which all the organs coordinate together to make it work.…
Q: Which type of toxin, when secreted, may lead to the disruption of the cells within the…
A: Enterotoxin
Q: What is the role of α-toxin in the pathogenesis of S. aureus?
A: Bacteria are a group of prokaryotic microscopic single celled organisms. They live in diverse…
Q: What is the difference between food infection and foodintoxication? Into which category does…
A: Introduction Microbes can inhabit wide range of habitat. They can be found in extreme conditions…
Q: Where do the organisms that cause staph and strep infections typically come from? What causes them…
A: Strap infections are mainly caused by staphylococcus bacteria while strep infections are caused by…
Q: How do humans usually become infected with helminths? consuming improperly cooked meats skin…
A: Helminthiasis is also known as worm infection is a parasitic infection of humans and animals. The…
Q: Why is it important to take medicine like vitamin c, zinc, and rosehip oil in this time of the…
A: Healthy diet It includes balanced diet, and contains different types of nutrition such as,…
Q: What are exotoxins and endotoxins and compare and contrast their major characteristics?
A: Bacteria and fungi are the two microbes that have found to cause several harmful diseases in the…
Q: Humans are accidental hosts in many vector-borne diseases. Whatdoes this indicate about the…
A: The disease is a sickness or illness characterized by specific symptoms and signs. A disease that…
Q: Who is most at risk for contracting plague and why?
A: Infection is defined as the state of invasion on the body tissues of an organism, which is caused by…
Q: Describe tetanus. What causes this illness, and how is it transmitted? What does it do to the human…
A: An infection is the invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing agents, their…
Q: On what basis can prions be differentiated from all otherinfectious agents?
A: Infectious agents that can cause disease or infections after invading the host cells and tissues.…
Q: Name the 10 different pathogen groups in descending order according to size (from the largest to the…
A: Pathogens are microscopic organisms that are available everywhere. There have several kinds of…
Q: What are the Five F’s and how do they relate to enteric pathogens?
A: Pathogens are the organisms that are capable of disrupting the normal physiological balance of an…
Q: Name one disease where exotoxins are important
A: A disease is defined as an abnormal condition that will affect a living organism. Diseases are…
What do pathogenesis related proteins and phytoalexins have in common? How do they differ?
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- Why are there fewer clinically effective antifungal andantiparasitic agents than antibacterial agents?Why do gram-positive bacteria not produce endotoxins?All of the following are true about Clostridium tetani, thecausative agent of tetanus, EXCEPT:(a) They are spore-forming rods.(b) They are part of the normal bowel microflora of horses,cattle, and humans.(c) They produce a powerful exotoxin that mediates thedisease.(d) Their toxin elicits muscle stiffness, spasms, and paralysisin the victim.(e) They require oxygen to survive.