What does it mean to act in trans?

Q: What is the functional role of the TATA box?

A: DNA ( Deoxyribonucleic acid) is a long chain made up of nucleotides. It carries genetic information.…

Q: What are the mechanisms by which regulation bysRNA occurs?

A: RNA (ribonucleic acid) is a polymer of nucleotides and is composed of a pentose sugar, a nitrogen…

Q: Describe untranslated regions (UTR).

A: Untranslated region The parts of the messenger RNA sequence that do not code for product ie the 5'…

Q: Why do transposons jump?

A: A transposon is defined as a sequence of DNA (gene) that is able to insert itself or make a copy of…

Q: What is the role of Mediator in transcription?

A: Transcription is the process in which DNA is transcribed into RNA.

Q: What amino acid sequence is coded by the following mRNA base sequence?

A: Genetic code is the sequence of nucleotides in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid…

Q: what amino acid is coded for by the codon 5AAG3?

A: Proteins are constructed from amino acids. Each amino acid is made up of a carboxyl group and an…

Q: Why transposons are called jumping genes?

A: A sequence of DNA sequence that has the ability to move or insert itself at a new location in the…

Q: How HATs are recruited to genes ?

A: At the time of gene expression, some protein families use acetyl Coenzyme A as a cosubstrate. These…

Q: Why Transcription Initiation Varies BetweenEukaryotes and Prokaryotes?

A: Transcription is the process in which a genes in DNA sequence is copied or transcribed to make an…

Q: What is the function of a stop codon?

A: Codon -- A codon is a specific type of genetic code which carries certain type of important…

Q: Does a gene sequence carry a mutation that might cause adisease?

A: Mutation is defined as any sudden change in the nucleotide sequence of genes. It may also be defined…

Q: What do you mean by cross-exon recognition complex ?

A: CROSS - EXON RECOGNITION COMPLEX : The sequence of DNA present in mature messenger RNA some of which…

Q: What are Transposable Elements in Humans ?

A: A genome is all hereditary material of a life form. It comprises of DNA (or RNA in RNA infections).…

Q: What are upstream activating sequences (UASs)?

A: Transcription is defined as the process in which m-Rna is formed from the template dna.this require…

Q: What does the lacA gene code for?

A: DNA is the genetic material in most living organisms. It is the information hub of the cell that…

Q: What is transcription unit ? What are the utility of its components?

A: Answer- Transcription is the process by which mRNA is synthesized by the DNA. It happens in the…

Q: What is the interactome?

A: The branch of biology that deals with the study of the composition, structure and interactions of…

Q: Why do you think the DNA must be unzipped before it is transcribed into messenger RNA?

A: Gene expression is a complex biological mechanism that involves the production of mRNA and proteins…

Q: What are histone acetyl transferases (HATs)?

A: Histones are proteins that are associated with DNA inside the nucleus of eukaryotic organisms. The…

Q: What steps in the elongation cycle of protein synthesis require GTP hydrolysis? What role does it…

A: The translation is a process where mRNA was translated into a polypeptide chain or protein, where…

Q: How do synthetases choose their tRNA partners?

A: Enzymes are essential biological substances required to accelerate the various biochemical reactions…

Q: What acts in trans to regulate the translation of mRNAs?

A: Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a single stranded RNA, which is complementary to one of the DNA strands.…

Q: What is the histone code?

A: The histones are the basic proteins family that are attached to DNA inside the cell. These basic…

Q: What is the “second genetic code”?

A: The genetic code is the set of rules used by living cells to translate information encoded within…

Q: How does the presence of introns aid exon shuffling?

A: Exon shuffling is a mechanism, where two or more exons from different genes brought together,  or…

Q: What causes exon shuffling?

A: Exon shuffling is a molecular mechanism for the formation of new genes. It is a process through…

Q: Which of the following enzymes has 5' to 3' exonuclease activity?

A: 5’ to 3 ‘ exonuclease activity is the ability to remove nucleotides by enzymes. The nucleotides are…

Q: Why Noncoding RNAs is important for Posttranscriptional Regulation ?

A: A non-coding RNA is an RNA molecule that does not code for any protein and is not translated into a…

Q: What role do transposons play in the process of exon shuffling?

A: Introduction  Transposons are the short highly repeated DNA sequence present in heterochromatic…

Q: What is a positive effect of proteasome proteins being associated with transcription?

A: The primary function of the proteasome is to degrade proteins but it may serve some more functions…

Q: What are the four major types of introns?

A: Introns are the non-coding sequence found in the genome. These are nucleotide sequences that do not…

Q: How termination codon is recognized ?

A: DNA contains both coding and non-coding region where introns are non-coding regions and exons are…

Q: Name the three non-sense codons?

A: The genetic material is known to carry the information that is translated and read as triplet code,…

Q: What percent of the transcription in a human cell makes protein-coding RNA, and what percent of…

A: The human genome consists of both the regions, which code for proteins and then which do not. The…

Q: What type of structures lead to transcription termination?

A: Transcription is the cycle by which the data in a strand of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is…

Q: Does transversion occur, If a purine replaces a pyrimidine, or vice versa ?

A: DNA substitution mutation is a type of mutation in which the nitrogenous bases undergo replacement…

Q: What is replicon ?

A: All life on Earth, whether unicellular or multicellular, is sustained through replication, a vital…

Q: What would be the effect of a mutation that causes a poly(A)-binding protein to be nonfunctional?

A: Poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) is a RNA binding protein, which helps the polyadenylate polymerase…

Q: What is the first anticodon recruited to an mRNA?

A: A genetic code translates the genetic information encoded within the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or…

Q: What are the amino acid coded for each of these codons? 1.  UUA 2.  AUU 3.  UGU 4.  AAA 5. GAG…

A: Genetic code is universal i.e. With only minor exception, a single coding dictionary is used by…

Q: How does the poly(A) tail affect mRNA stability?

A: The mRNA molecule refers to the messenger RNA molecule, which plays a role in the synthesis of…

Q: Why do you expect that intron removal wouldreduce the delay?

A: Introns are defined as the DNA or RNA sequence that does not carry any information required for…

Q: what is simple  transposon?

A: Introduction: A transposon is a segment of DNA that possess the ability for transposition or move…

Genetic Recombination

Recombination is crucial to this process because it allows genes to be reassorted into diverse combinations. Genetic recombination is the process of combining genetic components from two different origins into a single unit. In prokaryotes, genetic recombination takes place by the unilateral transfer of deoxyribonucleic acid. It includes transduction, transformation, and conjugation. The genetic exchange occurring between homologous deoxyribonucleic acid sequences (DNA) from two different sources is termed general recombination. For this to happen, an identical sequence of the two recombining molecules is required. The process of genetic exchange which occurs in eukaryotes during sexual reproduction such as meiosis is an example of this type of genetic recombination.

Microbial Genetics

Genes are the functional units of heredity. They transfer characteristic information from parents to the offspring.