What is an introduction to immunology and immunopathology?

Q: describe the genral mechanims of Na+ toxicity at the cellular level

A: A mechanism in biology is a system of causally interconnected elements and processes that create one…

Q: Suppose you had isolated a new transcription factor and wanted to know which genes this protein…

A: Transcription is the process by which  information contained in a strand of DNA is copied into a new…

Q: The body's innate defenses include all of the following EXCEPT? A. The skin B. Inflammation C.…

A: Innate defence is a system which is already present in our body from birth .

Q: Antiobiotics should be taken if your child catches a seasonal flu cause by virus? A. True B. False

A: Introduction :- an infective agent that typically consists of a nucleic acid molecule in a protein…

Q: How many copies of each type of core histone would it take to wrap the entire human genome into…

A: Introduction -The haploid human genome is made up of roughly 3 billion base pairs of DNA organised…

Q: Refer to Figure 18. Are the storage roots of sweet potato ( Ipomoea batatas) and the tubers of…

A: HOMOLOGOUS ORGANS The study of morphological characteristics like origin, development, and position…

Q: Which of the following is NOT true of spread plating method? A. the maximum inoculum allowed is 1.0…

A: Please follow step 2 & 3 for detailed explanation.

Q: Case fatality rate. Based table 1, what conclusion can you draw about the risk of acquiring…

A: Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis that most affect the lungs.

Q: ABSOLUTE HUMIDITY 1. the amount of water vapor in grams per cubic meter of air at a given…

A: Absolute humidity (measured in grammes of water vapour per cubic metre of air) is the amount of…

Q: 5) Peptic and gastric ulcers : Name the organism responsible, what are its adaptations to survive in…

A: Peptic ulcers also known as duodenal ulcers or stomach ulcers.This occurs when open sores form in…

Q: Do the many “dead” transposonsin the human genome provide anybenefits to humans?

A: A gene is the essential physical and functional unit of heredity. Genes are comprised of DNA. A…

Q: n example of phase 2 reaction is: A Glucosidation Aromatic hydroxylation C) All of the above D)…

A: 5. The addition of hydrophilic compounds to the parent molecule, a poisonous intermediate, or a…

Q: A. A mutation is recovered in the gene that encodes the lactose operon repressor protein (LacI).…

A: Lac operon is a simple prokaryotic group of genes for the metabolism of lactose. It consists of…

Q: Whe oxygen is scarce, which of the following could be used to generate energy? 1) Glucose   2)ATP…

A: Introduction :- The chemical element with the symbol O and atomic number 8 is oxygen. It is a member…

Q: What are the MOST common sources of glucose needed for energy during exercise? A. Blood sugar and…

A: Proteins, lipids, and carbs are all potential energy sources for muscular contraction and exercise.…

Q: When Klinefelter syndrome occurs ?

A: A syndrome is defined as a group of medical signs and symptoms that are connected to one another.…

Q: Please associate the source of energy production with the major by-product created for each source…

A: A human body requires an adequate amount of nutrition so as to function properly. The human body…

Q: Explain the process of mRNA to DNA translation

A: The second phase of protein production is translation. It happens after transcription when DNA…

Q: Describe the step-by-step procedure of passage cells.

A: Cell passaging or splitting is a technique that enables an individual to keep cells alive and…

Q: Puseletso is an 18 year old girl,with a BMI of 17.5 kg. Give advise on how she could improve her…

A: Body mass index is abbreviated as BMI. It refers to the ratio of a person's height to their weight.…

Q: In ruminants, what is the function of their gut microbes? O Make vitamin D O Digest cellulose O Move…

A: Cellulose is an organic compound or structural polysaccharide of plants and algae. It provides…

Q: ture MRNA. What are these modifications and what are their significance? Use = following terms to…

A: When introns are eliminated and the mRNA is regarded suitable for translation, eukaryotic pre-mRNA…

Q: What would be the consequences to the outcome of meiosis if SPO11 is absent? Explain your reason.

A: Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces four gamete cells by halving the number of…

Q: Older adults must consume more calories to stay healthy? A. True B. False

A: It is a false statement that older people need more calories to stay healthy. Although there is no…

Q: 1. What are oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes? How are they involved in carcinogenesis? What is…

A: To explain: To explain about oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes, carcinogenesis, and the relation…

Q: Describe the approaches used to sequence the genomes of yeast (Saccharom)e cerevisiae) and human,…

A: INTRODUCTION -The budding yeast( Saccharomyces cerevisiae) has been widely used for genetic studies…

Q: indicators, key used for/ determines reagents, or key positive result ingredients |1. crystal violet…

A: According to the guidelines, we are supposed to answer only three subparts. Kindly repost the…

Q: /hich factor can affect the distribution of a toxicant in the body? A Blood flow to the tissue B…

A: 23.Heavy metals can build up in the liver, brain, kidneys, and heart once they've entered the body.…

Q: What are the differences between the three-domain and five-kingdom schemes of biological…

A: Taxonomy is a branch of biology that classifies and names organisms so that they can be studied…

Q: The reason why the eudicot trees tend to be wider at the base than at the top.

A: In eudicots, the endosperm is included within the cotyledons and is not separated. The two…

Q: 1) Describe the growth morphology obtained from both Bacterial Growth Count (TSA) plates and Fungal…

A: Introduction :- The number of actively growing/dividing cells in a sample can be determined using a…

Q: Define the following terms as they apply to Microbial Ecology: a. Fixation b. Production

A: A. Microbial fixation means to transform the complex chemicals to simple absorbable form so that…

Q: Based on temperature requirements which of the following is not correct?*   a. Coconut and mango are…

A: Different plants are adapted to different regions and temperature zones. Some plants require high…

Q: 1. Starch can be completely digested and become monosaccharides in the presence of A. salivary…

A: Essentially all the carbohydrates in the food are absorbed in the form of monosaccharides. Only a…

Q: In a screening test for Chlamydia, the sensitivity is 83% and specificity is 50%.  A total of 800…

A: ANSWER;- The following table from the given information:     Truth         Disease Not Disease…

Q: Why is COVID 19 and getting the vaccinated important, citing from a source?

A: NB:  for your kind knowledge, according to Bartleby rules and regulations we can't mention…

Q: The FITT principle is? A. The principle that a good physical fitness program should be based on…

A: Exercise is a significant aspect of determining an individual's health. Lack of physical activity…

Q: Which of the following explain why it is important to study viruses? Select all that apply. O…

A: viruses are one of the most infectious microbes that are considered nonliving things since they do…

Q: 10. Sperm cells are produced by the A. seminal vesicles B. prostate gland C. epididymis D.…

A: The human sperm was first seen by Antony Van Leeuwenhoek in the year 1677. A mature sperm cell is a…

Q: Identify and label these parts in old woody dicot roots: Cork Vascular cambium Cork cambium…

A:

Q: The following micornutrients are especially important to an athlete EXCEPT? A. Vitamin B B.…

A: Micronutrients are necessary for power generation, haemoglobin synthesis, bone density, appropriate…

Q: Who is responsible for determining the safety andf efficacy of any dietary supplement? A. FDA B.…

A: Introduction Dietary supplements are substances that you can take to enhance your diet or reduce…

Q: Where do invertebrates fit into the evolution history of eukaryotes? Of animals?

A: The study of relationships between distinct groups of species and their evolutionary development is…

Q: ACTIVITY 12 - LIPIDS As you watch the video, take notes about what you are learning about lipids.…

A: Introduction A lipid is any of several chemical molecules that are water insoluble. They are…

Q: The amount of glycogen stored in muscles is enough for hours' exercise? A. True B. False

A: Our cells' primary fuel source is glucose. When the body does not need glucose to function, it…

Q: In what phase of bacteria population growth is Penicillin most effective and why?

A: Introduction:- The bacterial cell cycle involves the replication of DNA and the partitioning of…

Q: Chemicals are returned from the glomerular filtrate to the blood by A All of the above B…

A: ANSWER;-Reabsorption Explain;- Tubular reabsorption recovers items from the filtrate and returns…

Q: The body prepares for birth and life after birth by all of the following except... A. Increased…

A: Female body is different before pregnancy and after pregnancy. Even after pregnancy when the baby is…

Q: Describe the hindlimb function / specialization for a rabbit, pigeon, turtle, and toad.

A: Introduction:- The bones of the hind limb include the femur, the meniscus ligament, the ankle and…

Q: Refrigerating or freezing foods will kill most or all bacteria present in the food? A. True B.…

A: Introduction :- Bacteria are single-celled organisms that are small in size. Bacteria can be found…

Immune Disorders

The collaboration between the cells and proteins that work together as a defense system against infection comprises the immune system.Each of them performs a variety of tasks to recognize and/or react against a foreign body.