What is the differencebetween homologous andheterologousimmunoglobulins?

Q: What are adhesins and what are they typicallycomposed of?

A: The essential step in infection or bacterial pathogenesis is adherence that is required to colonize…

Q: What are the two proteins/factors produced by cytotoxic - T cells to kill a virally-infected cell-

A: Introduction : It is type of immune cell which  kill certain cells, including foreign cells,…

Q: Why is it that Rh incompatibility can be a serious problem when anRh-negative mother is carrying an…

A: Rhesus (Rh) factor is a type of protein that is found on the surface of red blood cells. If the…

Q: Explain the difference between affinity and avidity. For which immunoglobulin class might avidity be…

A: Affinity: The interaction that occurs between specific antibody with its corresponding antigen. The…

Q: Explain the functions  of Immunoglobulins ?

A: Immunoglobulin’s are group of proteins that transmits signal for immune response. These proteins…

Q: Give 5 storage conditions of human normal immunoglobulin injection and why?

A: Human normal Immunoglobulin contains normal human immunoglobulin  , it replaced the  defficient…

Q: Labster - Antibodies: Why are some blood types incompatible?

A: Introduction :- When the body's immune system identifies dangerous molecules called antigens, it…

Q: Describe effector functions of antibodies.

A: The antibody is known to be the protein substance synthesized by the body’s immune system. It…

Q: 33. Give a brief explanation of clonal selection and expansion

A: Clonal selection is a process proposed to explain how a single B or T cell that recogonizes an…

Q: How and why do B cells undergo a class switch from producing IgM antibodies to any of the other Ig…

A: Class exchanging happens after initiation of a develop B cell through its layer bound neutralizer…

Q: Describe the steps for immunoglobulin heavy chain class switching from IgM to IgG. Are the events…

A: Immunoglobulin class switching, also known as isotype switching, isotypic commutation, or…

Q: Once Tfh cells have been activated against vaccine delivered intramuscularly which Constant (C)…

A: There are five classes of immunoglobulin or antibodies. All these antibodies have variable and…

Q: Apart from iron, which other cation has a clinically significant binding with transferrin?

A: A positively charged ion is called the cation. While the negatively charged are termed as the…

Q: Describe the structure and basic functions of the five major typesof immunoglobulins.

A: Immunoglobulins or antibodies are the molecules that function in the defense system of the body.…

Q: What is the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) or human leukocyte antigens (HLA)?

A: Immunity is a state of resistance of an organism to invading biotic or abiotic pathogens and their…

Q: How is COVID19 described by scientists and why is the effectiveness of herd immunity so hotly…

A: Diseases caused by infectious agents are called infectious diseases. The agents can be bacteria,…

Q: What are antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?

A: Antigen presenting cells (APC's) are a heterogenous group of immune cells that mediate the cellular…

Q: Describe the structure of an immunoglobulin molecule, and namethe five major types of…

A: Step 1 Antibodies are glycoproteins, called immunoglobulins that inactivate the antigen through…

Q: What is the differencebetween humoral specificimmune response and cellularspecific immune response?

A: There is an association between T-Lymphocytes and the  B-lymphocytes which is  basically responsible…

Q: Explain how the structures of different immunoglobulinsallow predictions to be made about their…

A: the antibody is a Y-shaped molecule with two identical antigen-binding sites it is a heterodimer it…

Q: What does MHC-restricted mean?

A: The antigen is known as any substance that is responsible for causing our immune system to produce…

Q: Describe the two types of major histocompatibility complex antigens, and explain their functions?

A: The immune system of the human body is divided into two main branches, namely innate immunity and…

Q: Describe how the structure of immunoglobulins is related to their function

A: Antibodies, the antigen-binding glycoproteins are synthesized exclusively by B-cells and in billions…

Q: Illustrate the structure of Immunoglobulins ?

A: The immune system of the body is involved in protecting the body against various pathogens. White…

Q: Describe the basic structure of class I and class IImajor histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins.…

A: Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is a cluster of genes which is tightly linked and is found in…

Q: Explain how Hypermutation  contributes to antibody diversity.

A: The immune system provides defense against invading pathogens. It is a complex network of cells,…

Q: Draw a complete Ig molecule and identify antigen-binding siteson the antibody.

A: Ig refers to immunoglobins which are glycoproteins. They are produced by the plasma cells. They are…

Q: How does the Major Histocompatibility Complex relate to clonal selection theory and immune…

A: The immune system of the human body can be divided into innate immunity and adaptive immunity.…

Q: What polypeptide chains make up the MHC class molecule? MHC class II?

A: answer :  MHC class molecules are made up of mainly two polypeptide chains which are α and β2…

Q: What is the name given toconditions in which the ownimmune system of theindividual is the agent…

A: The immune system (IS) consists of many cells and proteins which protect the body from several…

Q: Name 4 properties of cytokines in general

A: Cytokines are defined as glycoproteins that are responsible for synchronizing immune system…

Q: Which of the following are antigen presenting cells?

A: Immune system: This system in the human body includes a complex network of cells, tissues, and…

Q: Describe five important differences between class I and class II MHC proteins

A:

Q: Explain the structure of an immunoglobulin.

A: An antibody is a protein molecule generated in theiving body by plasma membrane. It specifically…

Q: In what ways can cancer be both a cause and a symptom ofimmunodeficiency?

A: Cancer is the condition of unchecked growth of cells, which are damaged and dysfunctional, and cause…

Q: Describe the uniqueness of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and its function in immune…

A: The immune system involves a group of various biological structures and processes, present within an…

Q: hat Is Affinity Of An Antibody?

A: Antibodies are immune system proteins that circulate in the bloodstream and identify and kill…

Q: Identify some PAMPs that are recognized by PRRs.Which cells express PRRs? How do PRRs associate…

A: PAMPs is the short form for pathogen-associated molecular patterns. PRRs is the short-form for…

Q: Why is it necessary for immature T lymphocytes toundergo a two-step selection process through…

A: Immune system provides immunity or protection against foreign substances by involving specific…

Q: Vhat is the major difference in antigen-processing between major histocompatibility Elass-l (MHC-I)…

A: Immune response is a highly coordinated process involving various proteins. The histocompatibility…

Q: Briefly explain the characteristics of the Immunoglobulin (Ig) Classes.

A: Immunoglobulin are proteins in nature. These are present on the surface of B cells and are secreted…

Q: what are the five classes of immunoglobulins?

A: Plasma cells produced glycoprotein called immunoglobins it is also called antibodies. It helps to…

Q: Describe the structure of immunoglobulin and the functions of the Fab and Fc portions.

A: The ability of multicellular creatures to withstand dangerous microbes is known as immunity.…