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1. What is the function of melanin in humans? What is the function of melanin in other species?
2. According to the film, why is there a lack of diversity in the MC1R allele among African populations?
3. According to the film, why was dark skin selected for regions close to the equator?
4. Describe the selective pressure favoring light skin in regions far from the equator.
5. Which human populations living in which environments are most at risk for rickets today and why?
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Describe the selective pressure favoring light skin in regions far from the equator.
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- 1. Why do you think it is necessary for there to be variation in a population in order for evolution by natural selection to occur? 2. Why is it necessary for traits to be inherited for evolution to take place? 3. If a population is already well adapted to its environment, will most mutations be helpful or harmful? Explain.3. a. Why are most populations not in Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium? b. There is an ancient village population of humans. We know very little about this population. How can we use genetics to determine if the societal system of the village was matrilocal or patrilocal? c. There was variation in a rat phenotype (coat color.) The coat colors ranged from dark color coats to light color coats. As the rats migrated into the basements of campus, the light color rats were more likely to be caught by the campus cat. Over time, the basement rat population shifted to entirely dark color coats. This is an example of what kind of selection? d. Explain how a genetic bottleneck could lead to higher susceptibility of a disease, such cancer, in that population.1.A) Adaptations to a Changing Environment• Explain why it is necessary for organisms to have the ability to adapt.• Why is the current environment making it difficult for organisms to adapt?• Explain how organisms develop adaptations.2. B) Artificial Selection• Explain how artificial selection is like natural selection.• Why are quail useful subjects for an experiment on selection? What other organisms share similar characteristics?
- 1.Describe the ways that gene number or gene position on a chromosome, might be altered? What implications might that have on evolution? 2.What are the conditions that must be met for a population to stay in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? What happens if these conditions are not met? 3.What type of selection would most likely benefit heterozygous individuals and which will result in a population losing alleles: directional, disruptive, or stabilizing? Explain. 4.How might frequency dependent selection and the heterozygote advantage help maintain multiple alleles in a population? 5.Describe the theory of evolution by natural selection. Include terms like "excess reproduction, genetically distinct offspring, changing allele frequencies, and adaptive traits".1.) What happens to the genotypic frequencies from generation 1 to generation 5? 2.) What process is occurring when there is a change in genotypic frequencies over a long period of time? 3.) What would happen if it were more advantageous to be heterozygous (Ff)? Would there still be homozygous fish? Explain. 4.) What happens to the recessive genes over successive generations? Explain. 5.) Why doesn't the recessive gene disappear from the population?1. Early hunter-gatherers were interbreeding with colonists who brought agriculture from the Middle East. Did genetic adaptations of agriculturalists, such as the ability to digest milk as an adult, might have undergone genetic recombination with genetic adaptations of hunter-gatherers to potentially create a better adapted population in terms of survival and reproductive success? Why or why not?
- 1. Describe what you think would happen if a male mouse acquired a mutation that gave it tan or a sandy colored belly AND female mice wanted to mate with this more about 1 % more than a male mouse with a white belly? 2. Now, suppose that the females were really wild about the sandy colored belly of this male mouse. The females wanted to mate with this lucky mouse about 10% more than males with a white belly? What would happen to the frequency of sandy colored bellies in this population over time? 3. What is the selective pressure at work in questions 1 & 3? 4. Describe what this statement means: "The division of humans into races by using skin color is an arbitrary social construct." 5. What are melanosomes? Name the cell type that produces melanosomes. 6. What happens to melanosomes after they are released into keratinocytes? 7. List the three factors that work together to create the range of skin colors we see today. 8. Describe the main function of keratinocytes and of…3. Researchers are investigating a newly discovered condition that greatly increases the likelihood of lung damage associated with the use of e-cigarettes. They found that 2% of their study population has the condition. The researchers believe they have found a useful marker locus for assessing the presence of the condition in individuals with unknown family history. They have found that, of those individuals with the condition, 99% have the marker allele M1. Of those without the condition, 99.8% have an alternative allele M2 at the marker locus. What is the probability that an individual has the condition if they have marker allele M1 and what do you conclude about the utility of the marker locus for indirect diagnosis?1.) Natural Selection: Of the three genotypes (AA, Aa, and aa), which of the three genotypes will be selected for under the current conditions? In other words, which of the three genotypes will increase in frequency? What if medical science were able to hold off the effects of AIDS for indefinite periods of time so that it became common for people with AIDS to live long enough and well enough to have children. What would this do to the frequency of the resistance allele and the incidence of AIDS? Support your answer. 2.) Even though anti-HIV drugs may prevent evolution towards resistance, can you justify not using anti-HIV drugs if they are available? Your response should consider scientific and ethical perspectives.
- 1.A small group of turtles float on a log to an island and establish a new population there. How do you expect the genetic diversity of the island turtles to compare to genetic diversity of the mainland turtle population they originated from? Group of answer choices A. Genetic diversity should be similar, since they are the same species. B. Genetic diversity should be higher for the island turtles, because the new environment will produce new alleles. C. Genetic diversity should be lower for the island turtles, since the island turtles represent a small sample of the genetic diversity from the mainland turtles. 2.If the probability of a turtle having a brown shell is 3/4 and the probability of a turtle having a bumpy shell is 1/4, what is the probability of a turtle that has a shell that is both brown andbumpy? Group of answer choices A. 3/16 B. 3/8 C. 3/4 D. 1/2 3. A Drosophila gene is on the X chromosome, and recessive mutations in this gene cause white eye color…1. Besides a mutation for red color, what other mutation occurred in the lizard population? 2. How does color affect the fitness of the lizards? 3. What is your prediction of how the lizard population will look like by generation 50? Explain1. Certain flowers are either red (dominant) or white (rr). 91% of the flowers are red. Using the equations, calculate the frequency of the R allele. First you replace R and r for p and q. Thus we know that q2 = .09, because only the homozygous recessives will be white. *changed away from percentages to work the math more easily* What is the frequency of the R allele in this population? 2. In a coastal city in Nigeria, the incidence of Sickle-Cell disease is 4% of the population. Based on this information, what is the frequency of this allele in the population of that city? 3. In a given human population, only the "A" and "B" alleles are present in the ABO system; there are no individuals with type "O" blood or with O alleles in this particular population. If 200 people have type A blood, 75 have type AB blood, and 25 have type B blood, what are the alleleic frequencies of this population (i.e., what are p and q)? 4. An allele W, for white wool, is dominant over allele w, for…
