What is the minimum voltage drop for individual electron transfer events in the mitochondrial electron transport system that is necessary for ATP synthesis?

Q: What is the significance of the step-wise release of energy in respiration?

A: During oxidation within a cell, not all of the energy contained in respiratory substrates is…

Q: What will happen to the proton (H+ions) gradient in the mitochondria if the inner membrane is…

A: The proton gradient is created when the high energy electron is passed along the electron transport…

Q: what process drives the proton circuit in mitochondrial cells?"

A: Because of specialized organelles, eukaryotic cells are more complicated than prokaryotic cells. All…

Q: Do all the respiratory complexes generate enough energy to phosphorylate ADP to ATP?

A: The glycolysis and the TCA cycle produce a total of 10 NADH and 2 FADH2 molecules. These reducing…

Q: What Is the P/O Ratio for Mitochondrial OxidativePhosphorylation?

A: Oxidative phosphorylation is the process of transfer of electrons from NADH or FADH2 to molecular…

Q: How many protons are pumped out of the mitochondrial matrix for each pair of electrons extracted by…

A: The process of breakdown of fatty acids into the acetyl-CoA is referred to as Fatty acid oxidation.…

Q: If electron flow through the ETC stops, what happens to the proton gradient across the mitochondrial…

A: 1.If Electron flow through the ETC stops, proton gradient cannot be maintained i.e, less ATP will be…

Q: What would be the effect on ATP production of decreasing the pH inside the mitochondrial matrix?…

A: The mitochondria is a double membrane-bound organelle found in most of the eukaryotic organisms.…

Q: What would happen to the H+ gradient if the inner mitochondrial membrane was perforated (punctured)?

A: The inner mitochondria is the site for oxidative phosphorylation where the step by step transfer of…

Q: In the process of electron and H transport in the mitochondrial inner membrane, which of the…

A: Mitochondria are the membrane-bound organelles that produce the energy required to power the various…

Q: Calculate the number of usable ATP molecules produced per pair of electrons transferred from NADH to…

A: The reduced coenzymes like NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) store the energy released during…

Q: What happens to the proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane if electron flow through…

A: The electron transport chain is a progression of electron transporters installed in the internal…

Q: At what point does O2 enter the energy pathways of aerobicrespiration? What is the role of O2? Why…

A: Aerobic respiration can be defined as the process of respiration that takes place in the presence of…

Q: What would decrease the number of ATP molecules generated per NADH molecule in the electron…

A: NADH is defined as the body coenzyme which will facilitate numerous biological reactions. NADH is…

Q: How many ATPs does the respiratory cahin generate from all the NADH molecule produced from the…

A: An interlinked series of membrane-bound enzyme complexes that is responsible for oxidative…

Q: Which directions across the mitochondria must H+, ATP, ADP, and Pi travel during active…

A: Protons (H+) pass back to mitochondrial matrix through a channel in the ATP synthase. It uses…

Q: What is the maximum number of ATP molecules produced in the electron transport chain from a single…

A: Electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of complexes that transfer electrons from the electron…

Q: In what sense is mitochondrial ATP synthase a motor protein?

A: ATP synthase is a mitochondrial enzyme. It is localized on the inner mitochondrial membrane. It…

Q: Why does ATP production require an intact mitochondrial membrane?

A: ATP or adenosine triphosphate is an energy-rich molecule found in all living organisms. ATP extracts…

Q: How many ATP equivalents would be generated or used by the metabolism of butanoic acid to carbon…

A: Carbohydrates are the chief source of energy in the body. Glucose is the simplest and major…

Q: Why does mitochondrial NADH yields more ATPs than cytosolic NADH?

A: NADH is also called a reduced compound. NADH molecules are generated inside the cell through…

Q: How many ATP are produced from the complete degradation of G3P using glycerol- three phosphate…

A: The glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle is a mechanism that regenerates NAD+ from NADH that is a by-product…

Q: When rotenone is added to actively respiring mitochondria,the ratio of NADH to NAD+ increases, but…

A: Rotenone is an odorless, crystalline isoflavone used as broad spectrum insecticide, pesticide, and…

Q: If 30 molecules of acetyl CoA enter into the mitochondria in the presence of O2, how many molecules…

A: Cellular respiration is a series of metabolic reactions and processes carried out in the cells of…

Q: How many ATP are produced via the Kreb's cycle (total, directly, & indirectly)?

A: Krebs cycle, also termed as a citric acid cycle, occurs in the mitochondria of eukaryotes and…

Q: The enzyme that leads to the re-entry of protons into the mitochondrial matrix is called the F1-ATP…

A: The increase in H+ concentration on one side of the membrane causes the development of proton motive…

Q: How does the presence of cristae in the mitochondrial membrane increase the productivity of aerobic…

A: In eukaryotes, the aerobic stages of cellular respiration take place in cellular organelle named…

Q: Describe the processes that are driven by mitochondrial electron transport.

A: Electron transport is part of cellular respiration.

Q: Why is the mitochondrial respiration dependent on ADP?

A: Mitochondrial respiration is the set of metabolic reactions that processes requiring oxygen that…

Q: Explain the organization of electron carriers in mitochondrial membrane.

A: The inner mitochondrial membrane contains various components of the electron transport system. It…

Q: What is the significance of step-wise release of energy in respiration?

A: Cellular respiration is a set of metabolic reactions and processes. It takes place in the cells of…

Q: Why is the measure of the rate of oxygen consumption a means of determining mitochondrial activity?

A: Cells need oxygen to carry out the various metabolic activities. They are collectively called…

Q: How does mitochondrial structure contribute to aerobic metabolism, particularly to the integration…

A: Aerobic metabolism necessitates a constant flow of oxygen from the surrounding atmosphere to the…

Q: What will happen to the proton (H+ions) gradient in the mitochondria if the ATP synthase is blocked?

A: The free energy released during the oxidation of glucose to CO2 is retained in the NADH and FADH2…

Q: Assume there is no cyanide poisoning. What would happen if the inner mitochondrial membrane was…

A: Mitochondrial permeabilization means increasing the permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane…

Q: Under some conditions, mitochondrial ATP synthase has been observed to actually run in reverse. How…

A: The electron transport chain (ETC) is the final stage of aerobic cellular respiration. During the…

Q: Along with hydrogen, what eles is transferred by NADH to other molecules?

A: NAD is nicotine amide dinucleotide. It is the coenzyme. By accepting hydrogen ions it is turned into…

Q: How do the ATP mass action ratio and the IF1 protein regulate ATP synthesis?

A: ATP mass action refers to the ration between ATP and ADP+ inorganic phosphate. Usually this ratio…

Q: How many ATP are produced when 2moles of NADH enter the electron transport chain?

A: NADH is the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. It is a biologically active coenzyme. Nicotinamide is…

Q: During aerobic respiration how many ATP molecules are produced by the oxidation of a single molecule…

A: During aerobic respiration, Glycolysis converts glucose breakdown and produces 2 molecules of…

Q: How many ATP are produced when 3 moles of FADH2 enter the electron transport chain?

A: The electron transport chain is a set of four protein molecules that link redox processes to create…

Q: What happens with NADH under aerobic  versus anaerobic  conditions?

A: Cellular respiration can occur in the presence or absence of oxygen.

Q: What are two advantages of the components of the electron transport chain being embedded in the…

A: Electron transport chain is a process in cellular respiration where a series of protein complexes…

Q: Uncoupling agents are proteins spanning the inner mitochondrial membrane that allow protons to pass…

A: An uncoupler, also known as an uncoupling agent, is a chemical that disturbs oxidative…

Mitochondrial Mutations

A mitochondrion is a cellular organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration and energy production (ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). It is a double-membrane-bound organelle and is only present in eukaryotic cells.