what is the planetary albedo?

Q: (Not a writing assignment, just a question) Why does the operation of a solid waste landfill create ...

A:   Most of our waste is toxic. Many of the solid waste contains dangerous substances such as volatile...

Q: We don't have many detailed photographs of Venus' surface, either from orbiters and/or landers. Expl...

A:   Venus has thick atmosphere with 96 % carbon dioxide. Venus is covered by an opaque layer of highly...

Q: How many days is the Moon in the waxing phase and the waning phase?

A: The Earth's lunar cycle lasts 29.5 days. The waxing phase of the moon occurs when the moon is increa...

Q: Find the blue line labeled “Glacial Margin” which goes from the northeast to the southwest of the st...

A: In the north, the glacial margin is homogenous and is composed almost entirely of Pennsylvanian rock...

Q: Why do some pulsars have a faster rotation rate?

A:   Pulsars spin very rapidly due to the conservation of angular momentum from the original star which...

Q: what is sedimentary rock

A: Sedimentary rocks are formed near to the surface of the earth by the accumulation of sediments and l...

Q: Based on what you know about Saturn, select all of the correct statements from the following list Be...

A:   The correct statements from the list in the question are Being twice as far from the Sun, Saturn i...

Q: What causes Earth's climate to change?

A: Throughout Earth's past, the climate has changed on several occasions. The variations have been caus...

Q: Determine the month and day when the Sun is at maximum altitude for an observer in Saskatoon, Saskat...

A: The Sun is at its maximum altitude in the Northern Hemisphere on the day of the summer solstice, whi...

Q: There are about 32,000 single family homes in Peterborough. If we assumed Professor Hill’s was about...

A: Scenario A: Total Consumption of Peterborough before retrofitting Total Consumption = Number of Hous...

Q: Do you think tracking humanitys energy consumption is vital to solving some major environmental prob...

A:   Human energy consumption is related to some major environmental problems. Use of energy resources ...

Q: Match the following geographic features with their corresponding plate boundary types.   H...

A: The earth is divided into various plates, and plate boundaries along these plates are divided into t...

Q: What would be the effect of having the water in Lake Erie remain warm for a longer period of time du...

A: The unusually warm waters, reliable with environmental change patterns ongoing from many years, coul...

Q: Which direction were the glacial lobes moving during the last ice age?

A: The last ice age also referred to as the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) occurred during the Pleistocene ...

Q: If a star has a surface temperature of 5800 kelvin, at what wavelength (in nanometers) will it shine...

A:   Wien's law suggest that the temperature of an object such as star or black body is inversely propo...

Q: Imagine that the Earth is orbiting a white dwarf star, whose surface temperature is 20000 K. How lar...

A: The luminosity (L) of a star is related to its temperature (T) and radius (R) as L = R2T4     

Q: Based on what you learned about Mars and its moons, select all of the correct statements from the fo...

A:   The correct statements are Mars has polar ice caps.   Mars moons are most likely captured.  

Q: Indicate the soil types to be expected in a glacial terminal moraine.

A:   Glacial moraines are made up of till. Till is an unsorted and unstratified rock material deposited...

Q: How can you tell which lines are absorption lines in a photographic spectrum?

A:   Absorption lines are dark lines, or lines of reduced intensity, in a continuous photographic spect...

Q: 5. Worldwide, the oldest rocks at the ocean floor are about 180 million years old. In contrast, the ...

A:   Continental crust is very much older than oceanic crust. Because continental crust is very rarely ...

Q: A town pumps large volumes of water from their aquifer, and relies on precipitation to constantly re...

A: A geologic unit that can store and transfer water at sufficient rates to supply wells is known as an...

Q: 1. A) Define surface tension B)Define free surface energy C)Describe an experiment to show how surfa...

A: Surface tension is the property of a fluid or a liquid that allows it to resist an external force. T...

Q: Geology

A: Contour maps can be used to generate an elevation profile of a landscape. Contour lines are lines th...

Q: As seen from Earth, the Sun has an apparent magnitude of about                 26.7. What is the app...

A: The absolute magnitude (M), apparent magnitude (m), and the distance (d; in lightyears) between star...

Q: 1. What process in the environment can you infer from their characteristics? ( referring to the igne...

A: The rock cycle describes how different types of rocks - igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic - are ...

Q: Summarize the Greenhouse Gas Effect. Identify the types of heat transfer involved in the greenhouse ...

A: The greenhouse effect influences the Earth's climate system by trapping a significant amount of sola...

Q: Alkali metals reacting with water, what is the sign for AH"? O Negative O Zero O Positive

A:   The heat that passes into the system or out of the system during a reaction is the enthalpy change...

Q: Why Structures built in permafrost areas should have their foundations installed in the permanently ...

A:   Above the permafrost is a zone in which soil is saturated with water in pore spaces. It is frozen ...

Q: When estimating the age of rock, why should geologists collect a fresh sample inside a rock outcropp...

A:   A geologist collects a fresh, unweathered rock sample for estimating the age of rock or age dating...

Q: ocean currents serve to distribute heat around the world, and make heat distribution more even. Hypo...

A: Oceans currents are of two types namely deep water currents and surface water currents. The deepwate...

Q: Explain the nitrogen cycle and discuss what reactions you would expect to dominate in a wetland soil...

A: The biogeochemical processes involved in the recycling of inorganic and organic nitrogen between pla...

Q: What is erosion?          What is the main difference between physical and chemical weatheri...

A: In the earth, mainly two processes act. These are endogenic processes acting inside the earth and ex...

Q: The following three questions contain examples of plotted station circles. Then study each of these ...

A: Temperature Wind Speed Wind Direction Pressure Cloud Cover Weather 8oC 15 knots South West 987 mb ...

Q: Radiometric analysis for the GRANITE: Fullertonian 50 %,   Tuffyton 50 % How many half lives have pa...

A: Let the number of half-lives be n.  So, required time period, t= nT1/2  where T1/2 is Half-life of a...

Q: What general direction was the Pacific plate moving between 70.7 and 43.4 million years ago?

A:   The geological, geophysical (magnetic and seismic) evidences suggest that the subduction and islan...