What is the point of a "patient centered approach" to intersex, according to activist Cheryl Chase? Consulting with physicians on proven techniques for sex and gender matching at birth. Putting an end to infant genital surgeries. Allowing parents to choosc gender at theirchild's birth. all of these are correct
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- As outlined in this chapter, sex can be defined at several levels: chromosomal, gonadal, and phenotypic. To this we can add psychological sex, the sex one believes themselves to be. Determining someones sex is a complex issue that is often difficult to resolve, as the case of Bruce Reimer (see Section 7.1) illustrates. In spite of the complexity surrounding this issue, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAFF) still use sex testing on female athletes to determine whether they can compete in athletic events as females. This has led to serious personal, social, and legal issues, and the practice has been widely condemned and widely defended. Lets examine two such cases here. An Indian athlete, Santhi Soundarajan, finished second in the 800-meter run at the Asian Games in Doha, Qatar, in 2006. After the race, she was asked to take a sex test. According to press reports, the tests showed that she appeared to have abnormal chromosomes. An official stated that she had more Y chromosomes than allowed. As a result, she was stripped of her medal, banned from further competition by the Indian Olympic Association, and shunned by her local community. Before the race in Doha, Santhi had competed in 8 international competitions and won 12 medals. Sometime after this incident, she attempted suicide. She now runs a training school for athletes in Tamil Nadu, India. Although the number and types of tests done on Santhi have not been revealed, such tests usually involve examination of the external genitals, a chromosome analysis, and measurement of hormone levels. Suppose you were on the committee deciding whether Santhi could compete as a female. Consider each of the following hypothetical tests one at a time and base your conclusions only on the results of that test. The results of a physical examination show she has female genitals. On this basis, would you allow her to keep her medal and compete as a female in future races? Suppose the results of a chromosomal analysis shows that she has an XY chromosome set and is chromosomally male. Would you allow her to keep her medal and compete as a female? Lastly, suppose a test for hormone levels shows that she has levels of the male sex hormone testosterone that are higher than average for females but at least 10 times lower than the average for males. Would you allow her to keep her medal and compete in future races as a female? Now, put the results of all three tests together, and consider them as a whole. What are your conclusions? Now, lets consider the case of a South African runner, Caster Semenya, who won the 800-meter run at the World Championships held in Berlin, Germany, in 2009. After the race, she was asked to undergo sex testing. The IAAF stated that the tests were requested to ascertain whether she had a rare medical condition that gave her an unfair physical advantage. The nature of the tests and their results were not released, but press reports indicate that she did not have ovaries or a uterus, and had testosterone levels intermediate between the averages for males and females. In the end, the IAAF agreed to keep the results of her tests confidential, and Caster was allowed to keep her medal and return to international competition in 2010. In both cases, what the IAAF considers the threshold for determining who can compete as a female has not been stated. Based on what is known about the test results in this case and the hypothetical tests in the first case, do you think the outcome in each case was fair?Write 2 paragraphs answering the following questions: What is an intersex condition? How should parents raise their intersex children: as girls, boys or intersex? Would it be better for society to recognize 3 sexes instead of two? Why?Which THREE of the following five factors have researchers found to have an effect onsexual orientation?a. A domineering motherb. Size of certain cell clusters in thehypothalamusc. Prenatal hormone exposured. A distant or ineffectual fathere. For men, having multiple olderbiological brothers
- Give written answer with explanation and conclusion “Whose Life is it Anyway? Collisions between Personal Conscience and Professional Obligations” “From a moral point of view, should pharmacists be allowed to opt out of filling requests for emergency contraception (EC)?” Using the D-CARVE method, Construct one pro and one con argument.When children have developed a ____ , they have a sense of being male, female, or some combination of the two.(fill the blank)A hemophiliac male puts on Match.com an ad for a ‘Normal’ Homozygous dominant female to mate with. Is that a waste of money, or does it really give offspring a chance to be normal? I am wondering how to answer this question
- Propose a program in for a school or community that will raise theawareness of the students and will help them have an idea about the risks of teenage pregnancy.What are some of the strenghts of Ursula Norman, a 32-year-old nurse who was brought to an emergency department 6 days after giving birth? She is married and has one child. Ms. Norman has been behaving very strangely and has become convinced that she has smothered and killed her baby. Biological Factors: Ursula Norman is a 32-year-old woman who has recently given birth.In briefly. How can having a good understanding of our own sexuality help us in providing effective maternal and child nursing care?