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- Indicate which of the following are true. Chronically shortened muscles will lose sarcomeres in series in order to maintain ideal amounts of myofilament overlap. Contractile force is proportional to the length of a muscle. Muscle organ contraction is all or nothing. Muscle cells are surrounded by an endomysium. Actin is the thick filament and Z-lines are where the cross-bridges zig-zag to adjacent actin filaments. Muscles with fewer motor units are weaker, i.e., capable of less force. A nerve impulse, calcium, and ATP are necessary for muscle contraction. Tendons attach bones to bones and help to limit the range of motion at joints. Muscle tissue is very dynamic and will respond to chronic stress by becoming stronger (making more myofilaments), chronic contraction by becoming shorter (losing sarcomeres in series), and stretching by becoming longer (adding sarcomeres in series). Myofilaments are actually long strands of proteins.Demonstrate your understanding of how the muscular system and skeletal system interact in locomotion by: • Explaining the biomechanics of levers when muscular forces are transmitted by the skeletal system. • Explaining the development and repair of bones and the effect of disease and age on locomotion.Explain the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction, including the following parts; thich (myosion) filaments, thin (actin) filaments, myosin heads, tropomyosin, troponin, ATP, active sites, calcium.
- true or false 6. Muscle cells are mesenchymal in origin.7. Myomesin binds to titin molecules and connects adjacent thick filaments to one another.8. FOG fibers are adapted for maintaining posture and for aerobic, endurance-type activities.9. Hemoglobin is the red-colored protein found in muscles.10. The narrow region in the center of each A band that contains thick filaments is the H zone.Analyse the role of antagonist, agonist and synergist muscle and their contractions.We move a lot and do not even realize how intricate these movements may be from gross motor to fine motor manipulations. Briefly explain the steps involved in a single muscle contraction beginning at the neuromuscular junction through one complete contraction and relaxation for the sliding filament theory. Don’t forget to include all the major proteins (actin, myosin, troponin and tropomyosin) involved as well as calcium and ATP.
- The ability of a muscle to generate tension immediately after stimulation is dependent on: a. myosin interaction with the M line b. overlap of myosin and actin c. actin attachments to the Z line d. none of the aboveOrder the events leading to muscle contraction. Ca ions bind to troponin myosin binds to actin Nerve cell releases acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction troponin pulls tropomyosin, exposing the mysoin binding site ATP causing myosin to move (pull) actin toward the center of the cell the sarcolemma membrane depolarizes and triggers the sarcoplamic reticulum to release Ca ions17. Which of the following choices is CORRECT? A Myofibrils extend the length of a muscle fibre B. sarcomeres in series make up the length of a myofibnil C. The M-line is part of the cytoskeleton that anchors the myosin filaments, stabilizing the sarcomere D. The ends of the actin filaments are anchored to the Z-line or disk E All of the above F. Both C and D
- 3.4. About human skeletal muscle contraction, what are the correct statements? PHYSIOLOGY_basic (OJO) A muscle fiber is made by the parallel apposition of sarcomers. Generation of force relies on the formation of cross-bridges between actin and myosin filaments. In the process of contraction, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is required both to drive the actin-myosin association-dissociation cycle and to recycle calcium back to the endoplasmic reticulum. Each muscle fiber is innervated by one neuron only. T tubules are plasma membrane invaginations of the sarcolemma that allow excitation-contraction coupling.Which of the following does NOT occur in or immediately prior to a muscle contraction? action potential in motor neuron acetylcholine released into synaptic cleft temporary localized changes in the membrane potential of the sarcolemma and t-tubules sacroplasmic recticulum releases acetylcholine active sites on actin molecules are exposed During contraction of a muscle, calcium ions bind to the _______." actin and myosin filaments troponin molecule tropomyosin molecule sarcoplasmic reticulum sarcolemma Which of the following is NOT a role of ionic calcium in muscle contraction? triggers neurotransmitter secretion binds with troponin removes contraction inhibitor spreads the depolarization from the neuromuscular junction to the T-tubules The role of tropomyosin in a muscle cell is to ____. all to cell to relax by blocking the binding sites on actin facilitate the formation of cross-bridges between actin and myosin Interactions between thick and thin filaments during muscle…Which of the following step(s) about the excitation of skeletal muscle is/are incorrect? 1. Acetylcholine is released and binds to motor end plate receptors 2. An action potential is created and moves down T-tubules 3. Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum 4. Calcium ions bind to tropomyosin to shift troponin off the binding sites for cross-bridging 5. Myosin forms cross-bridges and binds with actin to pull it towards middle of sarcomere