what is the sodium/potassium exchange pump?

Q: How would you calculate the filtered load and excretion rate of glucose?

A: Filtered load:- The amount of solute transported across the glomerular membrane per unit time.…

Q: What are the mechanisms by which sodium depletion causes an increase in renin secretion?

A: The cells are the primary unit of life. The cells form the tissues which collectively form an organ.…

Q: How does the sodium-potassium pump work? What does it do?

A: The sodium-potassium pump is found in our cellular membranes, where it is in charge of generating a…

Q: How does active transport relate to the sodium-potassium pump?

A: Active transport requires energy for the transportation of solutes against the concentration…

Q: What happens to excreted H+ ions from a PCT cell?

A: The urinary system through 2 methods helps to change the blood pH by excretion of hydrogen ions as…

Q: What is the plasma pH range?

A: The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. The readings are based around a pH of 7, which is neutral, like…

Q: What is the net filtration pressure?

A: The urinary system consists of kidneys, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys are present in a…

Q: What three stimuli control vasopressin secretion? What is the most potent stimulus for vasopressin…

A: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is also known as vasopressin. ADH is a peptide hormone produced by the…

Q: Describe Baroreceptor Control of Vasopressin Secretion?

A: Vasopressin is a peptide hormone formed in the hypothalamus and transported to the posterior…

Q: What forces promote net filtration?

A: The mass movement of fluids into and out of the capillary beds requires a transport mechanisms that…

Q: What is the volume of interstitial fluid?

A: The liquids present within the human body are called body fluid. In an average healthy man the…

Q: What can a lack of sodium cause?

A: Sodium is an important element required by the body to maintain the electrolyte balance and water in…

Q: Define diffusion, filtration and reabsorption and the effects on fluid movement.

A: Fluid movement happens via various process such as diffusion, Filteration, reabsorption, absorbtion,…

Q: What does major incretins include?

A: Answer- Incretins are the group of hormones that help in lowering the blood glucose levels.

Q: What effect would an ACE inhibitor have on renin secretion and angiotensin II production?

A: Angiotensin II is a drug used for the treatment of hypotension (low BP) and the drug increases BP…

Q: What is the primary function of the water vacular system?

A: ANSWER;- locomotion and gathering food is The primary function of the water vascular system. The…

Q: What effect would an ACE inhibitor have on renin secretion and angiotensin II production? What…

A: ACE (Angiotensin - converting Enzyme Inhibitors) and ARB ( Angiotensin Receptor Inhibitor )--…

Q: What is the renin-angiotensin system?

A: this system is present in the kidney

Q: What is universal donors?

A: Introduction  The most common blood group system is ABO blood group system which consist of 3 blood…

Q: How does lack of protein in the blood cause edema?

A: The protein in our blood (especially albumin) are parts of an integrated system with heart and blood…

Q: Explain the Reabsorption of Salt ?

A: Salt reabsorption can be defined as the process in which sodium ions and chloride ions are…

Q: What are the components of the phosphate and protein buffer systems?

A: The buffer systems act in blood plasma consisting phosphate, bicarbonate,carbonic acid and plasma…

Q: What are ATP-Powered Pumps and the Intracellular Ionic Environment?

A: The P-class Na+/K+ ATPase pumps three Na+ ions out of and two K+ ions into the cell per ATP…

Q: Where is the most water reabsorbed?

A: Urinary system eliminates the waste in the body through urine formation. Urine contains undesired…

Q: What is Erbitux® ?

A: Cetuximab/Erbitux® Cetuximab is a type of recombinant monoclonal antibody. Brand name: Erbitux…

Q: What is the relationship between increased pressure and filtration?

A: Filtration is the movement of substances through a filter or filtering membrane.

Q: Is there a medullary salt gradient? How is that created?

A: The medullary concentration gradient is a physiological process, which produces a concentration…

Q: Where is vasopressin released?

A: Step 1 Hormones are chemicals produced by endocrine cells which are transported by the circulatory…

Q: What is the osmotic pressure of blood?

A: Osmotic pressure is the hydrostatic tension exerted by a solution in an area separated by a…

Q: How do the kidneys help to regulate blood pressure and what is the renin-angiotensin aldosterone…

A: The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System also known as RAAS is a hormone system that is present in…

Q: Which current is used in electroporation?

A: Cell membranes are semi-permeable. This means that they cannot allow entry of everything across them…

Q: What regulates water and electrolyte movement between plasma and interstitial fluids? Across cell…

A: The body comprises several fluids that circulate in the body. The interstitial fluids are the fluids…

Q: How does hypertension affect urinary function?

A: Hypertension simply means elevation in blood pressure. It can be caused by various factors…

Q: What are the sources of plasma electrolytes?

A: Electrolytes carry electric charges in our bodies. The ions such as sodium, chloride, potassium,…

Q: What are the leak channels?

A: Cell membranes are composed of the phospholipid bilayer.

Q: What is the relationship between solute concentration and hydrostatic pressure?

A:

Q: ). How does the water get into John's blood cells? ). What will the result be? Why?

A: It is the total amount of blood which is circulating inside the body .. Normally it's about 5L…

Q: What is osmotic pressure?

A: The spontaneous passage or diffusion of water or solvent from its region of high concentration to…

Q: How do the kidneys play a major role in maintaining a normal cellular environment?

A: The kidneys are an important part of the urinary system. These are bean-shaped organs, that have the…

Q: What is the role of the disulfide bond in oxytocin and vasopressin?

A: The disulfide bond is responsible for the cyclic structure of both oxytocin and vasopressin . They…

Q: What is meant by the term osmoregulation?

A: Organism is any individual entity that embodies the properties of life. Organisms are classified by…

Q: Why does bladder exstrophy occur?

A: Urinary bladder is a part of excretory system that tends to store urine till it is passed out…

Q: What is the difference in cell potential between sodium and glucose environment?

A: A membrane made up of a lipid bilayer with proteins incorporated in it surrounds all animal cells.…

Q: What are the side effects of excessively high potassium concentration?

A: A mineral is a synthetic component needed as a fundamental supplement by living beings to fill roles…

Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.