What   kills Haemophilus influenzae?

Q: Which bacteria produce B-lactamase enzyme which is resistant to penicillin and why?

A: Antibiotics are the medicines which are used to cure infections which are caused by bacteria. These…

Q: Why are exotoxins more potent than endotoxins?

A: A lot of endotoxins is expected to causes a disease and consequently, their intensity (potency)…

Q: Why is it incorrect to say that bacteria produce toxins to harm their host?

A: When a bacterium invades a host cell it may produce a toxin. Toxins are strong elements that are…

Q: What would happen to the sleep–wake schedule of someone who lacked orexin?

A: Orexin is a neuropeptide and is synthesized by a neuron cluster in the lateral part of the…

Q: Is Haemophilus influenzae a virus or bacteria?

A: Micro-organism are tiny organisms that cannot be seen by the naked eye, but are visible under…

Q: What is kreb cycle

A: Introduction: The series of chemical reactions that occurs inside the living body for the formation…

Q: Which of the following is NOT a common food allergen?

A: Food allergens are typically naturally-occurring proteins in foods or derivatives of them that cause…

Q: How do cyanobacteria survive freezing and desiccation?

A: Cyanobacteria or blue-green algae are gram-positive, photosynthetic prokaryotes. They are one of the…

Q: What is a Black Plague?

A: Microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses can act as a pathogenic organism and can affect the…

Q: What are facultative anaerobes?

A: Anaerobes are organisms that have the ability to survive in the absence of molecular oxygen. They…

Q: What metabolic process creates the rotten-egg smell characteristic of many anaerobic environments?

A: Hydrogen sulfide gas has the chemical formula H2S and possesses a characteristic rotten eggs smell.…

Q: Why is lipopolysaccharide considered to be an endotoxin?

A: Lipopolysaccharide is an outer cell membrane component found in gram-negative bacteria.

Q: How does the E. coli strain 026:H11 damage its victims?

A: The enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) serotype O26 is the second most common enterohaemorrhagic E.…

Q: Why do gram-positive bacteria not produce endotoxins?

A: ExotoxinsThey are proteineous substances that are produced within the bacterium as a byproduct of…

Q: How do microfi lariae get into the blood?

A: Microfilariae is an early stage in the life cycle of certain parasitic nematodes belonging to the…

Q: When can E. coli become potentially pathogenic (disease-causing)?

A: E Coli or Escherichia Coli is a bacteria. A bacterial cell is a type of prokaryotic cell. It means…

Q: Are tryptophan supplements safe?

A: L-tryptophan is an essential amino acid as the body is unable to make it on its own. It is acquired…

Q: How does Mycobacterium ulcerans evade the immune system?

A: Introduction:- Mycobacterium TB complex, which causes tuberculosis, Mycobacterium leprae and…

Q: What are two reasons microbes will produce toxins?

A: Introduction :- Toxins produced by microorganisms such as bacteria, fungus, protozoa,…

Q: Which of the letter labeled microbes is exhibiting alpha-hemolysis?

A: The lysis or breakdown of red blood cells is called hemolysis. There are three types of hemolysis…

Q: Name the bacteria (Clostridium botulinum) that causes botulism.

A: The diseases caused by the virus are viral diseases. There are various bacteria that are harmless…

Q: Bartonella Henselae is a pathogenic bacteria?

A: Bacteria are microscopic organisms which belong to prokaryote because these are unicellular…

Q: The bacteria which produce pyocyanin is---

A: pyocyanin is a blue colored, secondary metabolites which is secrested by gram- nagative bacterium.…

Q: What are endotoxins vs. exotoxins?

A: A toxic heat-stable lipopolysaccharide substance present in the outer membrane of gram-negative…

Q: What causes tobacco mosaic disease?

A: Tobacco and other members of family Solanaceae are susceptible to tobacco mosaic disease. Symptoms…

Q: What are the  advantages of penicillin?

A: The antimicrobial substances are the agents that inhibits the growth of micro-organism and kills…

Q: What is the species of beta proteobacteria that causes rat-bite fever?

A: Rat-bite fever is an acute human illness that is caused by bacteria and transmitted by rodents. It…

Q: Why do most antibacterial drugs not destroy human cells?

A: Antibiotic A chemical substance that inhibits the growth of microorganism by altering the…

Q: What is NBES?

A: NBEs stands for new biological entities. It can be defined as biological products that involve…

Q: What is the difference between an endotoxin and an exotoxin?

A: Nearly wherever we look, both within and outside of living things, there are microbes. Toxins…

Q: All of the following microorganisms contains the enzyme catalase except?

A: Answer - Option D - Obligate anaerobes

Q: What is meant by mass killing ?

A: All the living things present in nature are interdependent.

Q: What is  bactericide exposure?

A: The term bactericide is related to bacteria. Bacteria are unicellular and prokaryotic organisms that…

Q: What is MRSA, and why is it a health problem?

A: Bacteria, type of biological cell that forms a main group of prokaryotic cells.  These are small in…

Q: What symptoms might a person have when infected with influenza A? influenza B? influenza C?

A: Influenza virus causes the infectious disease called flu. There are three different flu viruses that…

Q: What do anaerobic bacteria cause?

A: An anaerobic bacteria are bacteria that do not live or grow when oxygen is present. It includes,…

Q: When food leftovers are stored in a refrigerator, how does this help prevent food borne illnesses?

A: Proper food handling and storage can prevent most foodborne illnesses. In order for pathogens to…

Q: How long does it take to develop symptoms of influenza after being exposed?

A: Influenza is a viral disease caused by influenza viruses specifically influenza A and influenza B.…

Q: What is the purpose of CIT?

A: CIT: CIT stands for Crisis Intervention Team. CIT assist the individual in their mental illness.The…

Q: Why does hydrogen peroxide are most effective against probiotics?

A: Hydrogen peroxide is a peroxide. It acts as an oxidizing agent

Q: What is embolism?

A: Blood vessels are blood vessels that transport blood throughout the body. They form a closed loop…

Q: What are the different types of haemolytic reactions?

A: Introduction The breakdown of red blood cells is known as hemolysis. Certain microorganisms are…

Q: How is microbial death defined?

A: Microbial Death- Lack of the perfect environmental circumstances constant loss of reproductive…

Q: Is anaerobic bacteria dangerous?

A: Anaerobic bacteria refer to those bacteria that can survive and grow without oxygen. These bacteria…

Viral Infections

Viruses are abundantly found, minute entities that have genetic material enclosed within a protein coat. The proteinaceous material enclosing the genetic material of the virus is called a capsid. The genetic material could be either DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid). A virus is too minute to be looked at with naked eyes and therefore visualized with the help of a microscope. They are acellular entities that require a host for processes, such as replication, transcription, translation and multiplication. Plants, animals, and bacteria act as host wherein the virus reproduce. Viruses cannot multiply outside the host's body and thus are considered nonliving outside the host body.