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- Suppose two bidders compete for a single indivisible item (e.g., a used car, a piece of art, etc.). We assume that bidder 1 values the item at $v1, and bidder 2 values the item at $v2. We assume that v1 > v2. In this problem we study a second price auction, which proceeds as follows. Each player i = 1, 2 simultaneously chooses a bid bi ≥ 0. The higher of the two bidders wins, and pays the second highest bid (in this case, the other player’s bid). In case of a tie, suppose the item goes to bidder 1. If a bidder does not win, their payoff is zero; if the bidder wins, their payoff is their value minus the second highest bid. a) Now suppose that player 1 bids b1 = v2 and player 2 bids b2 = v1, i.e., they both bid the value of the other player. (Note that in this case, player 2 is bidding above their value!) Show that this is a pure NE of the second price auction. (Note that in this pure NE the player with the lower value wins, while in the weak dominant strategy equilibrium where both…Consider the following coordination game: Player 2P1 Comedy Show Concert Comedy Show 11,5 0,0 Concert 0,0 2,2 a. Find the Nash equilibrium(s) for this game.b. Now assume Player 1 and Player 2 have distributional preferences. Specifically, both people greatly care about the utility of the other person. In fact, they place equal weight on their outcome and the other person’soutcome, ρ = σ = ½. Find the Nash equilibrium(s) with these utilitarianpreferences.c. Now consider the case where Player1 and Player2 do not like each other. Specifically, any positive outcome for the other person is viewed as anegative outcome for the individual, ρ = σ = -1. Find the Nashequilibrium(s) with these envious preferences.Kayla and Kevin are friends who go together to a used textbook seller who has two copies ofthe biology book that they both need for their class this semester. The cost to the seller ofacquiring the books was $25 each and no other students will need this book. Kayla states thatshe is willing to pay $40 for the book, while Kevin says he is willing to pay $80. Which ofthe following describes the most likely conclusion to this scenario? Group of answer choices The seller will sell the books to both Kayla and Kevin for $40 each because if they tried tocharge Kevin a higher price, Kayla would engage in arbitrage. The seller will sell one book to Kayla for $40 and one book to Kevin for $80 because thismarket meets all three requirements for price discrimination. The seller will sell the books to both Kayla and Kevin for $80 each because Kevin's highervalue exceeds Kayla's willingness to pay. The seller will sell the books to both Kayla and Kevin for $25 each because that is howmuch the…
- A first-price auction with a reserve price is a type of auction very similarto the first-price auctions we discussed in class. The only different is that, in order for a bidder to win the object, their bid must be at least equal to the reserve price. If all bidders submit bids strictly less than the reserve price, then the auctioneer keeps the object and nobody pays anything. Suppose that Anna participates in a first-price auction with a reserve price equal to $20 and her valuation of the good is $50. Which bids are weakly dominated for Anna?TRADE. Consider a bilateral trade model with two-sided asymmetric information. The buyer's value is private information to the buyer, vB and the seller's value vs is private information to the seller. (a)Derive the linear Bayes Nash Equilibrium in a double auction. (b)Assume that the seller can credibly disclose their valuae. What is your intuition, would he want to commit to such transparency?See the extensive form game image attached. 1) Solve the game by backward induction 2) Find all the pure-strategy Nash equilibria (in complete contingent plans)of the extensive-form game (no need to write down thenormal-form representation)
- Question 1 Consider a first-price sealed bid auction of a single object with two biddersj = 1,2 and no reservation price. Bidder 1′s valuation is v1 = 2, and bidder 2′s valuation isv1 = 5. Both v1 and v2 are known to both bidders. Bids must be in whole dollar amounts.In the event of a tie, the object is awarded by a flip of a fair coin.(a) Find an equilibrium of this game.(b) Is the allocation of your answer to (a) efficient?Consider the following ‘war of attrition’. Two animals are in a stand off for a prey. Theyindependently decide when to give up. Waiting is costly, but the animal giving up last winsthe prey (they each get nothing if they walk away at the exact same time). Getting the preygives a benefit of 80 while waiting costs 2 per unit of time. Formally payoffs are given asfollows:u1(t1, t2) =(−2t1 if t1 ≤ t280 − 2t2 if t1 > t2u2(t1, t2) =(80 − 2t1 if t1 < t2−2t2 if t1 ≥ t2,where ti is the amount of time animal i decided to wait. Assuming that animals aim tomaximize payoffs (consciously or not), figure out the Nash equilibria of this game by answeringthe following questions (similar to how we proceeded to solve the Bertrand game).(a) Show that there is no Nash equilibrium where both animals wait a strictly positiveamount of time. For this, consider two subcases: (i) both wait the same amount oftime, or (ii) one gives in earlier than the other.(b) Assume now that one animal, say the first one,…In a first-price auction, bidding one’s valuation weakly dominates bidding any higher real number
- Find all NE of the stage game.(b) Consider a two-period game without discounting in which the stage game is played ineach period. Find all pure strategy SPNE.(c) What’s the min-max payoff of each player?(c1) Consider pure strategies only.(c2) Consider all strategies, including the mixed ones.(d) Now suppose the stage game is repeated infinitely many times. Use the Fudenberg-Maskin Folk theorem to find all possible values of payoff that can be supported as aSPNE.Consider a Common Value auction with two bidders who both receive a signal X that is uniformly distributed between 0 and 1. The (common) value V of the good the players are bidding for is the average of the two signals, i.e. V = (X1+X2)/2. the symmetric Nash equilibrium bidding strategy for the second-price sealed-bid auction assuming that players are risk-neutral and have standard selfish preferences. Furthermore, you may assume that the other bidder is following a linear bidding strategy. Make sure to explain your notation and the steps you take to derive the result.Consider a modified Traveler’s Dilemma. In terms of strategy options that the players have and the dollars they earn, it is like the standard Traveler’s Dilemma, but the players do not have endless appetite for money. Up to 100 dollars, each dollar feels like a dollar. But any moneybeyond 100 is psychologically like 100 dollars. Assuming that players are maximizers of ‘psychological’ dollars instead of real dollars, describe all the Nash equilibria of this modified Traveler’s Dilemma.