When a naïve or memory T orB cell is activated by antigen andco-stimulatory signals, how does itdecide whether to become an effectorcell or memory cell? Are there cellsthat are pre-committed to becomingeither effector or memory cells, forexample, or is the decision determinedsolely by extracellular signals?

When a naïve or memory T orB cell is activated by antigen andco-stimulatory signals, how does itdecide whether to become an effectorcell or memory cell? Are there cellsthat are pre-committed to becomingeither effector or memory cells, forexample, or is the decision determinedsolely by extracellular signals?

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter12: Body Defenses

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 5RE

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

What is the associationbetween inflammation andfever?
This photo shows a child receiving an oral vaccine againstpolio, a disease caused by a virus that infects neurons. Giventhat the body cannot readily replace most neurons, why isit important that a polio vaccine stimulate not only acell-mediated response but also a humoral response?
Compare and contrast the roles and activities of the differentTh cells. What cytokines do they produce, and which effectorcells do these cytokines act upon?
is a group of plasma proteins thatwhen activated stimulate inflammation,attract phagocytes, and enhancephagocytosis.
Why is it necessary for immature T lymphocytes toundergo a two-step selection process through whichantigen-reactive cells are first selected followed bythe elimination of cells that react strongly withself-antigens?
Aspirin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug(NSAID) that inhibits the formation of blood clots andis taken regularly by individuals with a heart condition.Steroids such as cortisol are used to control someautoimmune diseases and severe arthritis by downregulatingthe inflammatory response. After reading therole of inflammation in the body’s response to infection,can you predict an undesirable consequence of taking antiinflammatorydrugs on a regular basis?
Describe early activity of naïve B and T cells leading to clonal expansion.
At first glance, it would seem a dangerous strategyfor the thymus to actively promote the survival, matura-tion, and emigration of developing T cells that bind weaklyto self peptides bound to self MHC molecules. Would itnot be safer to get rid of these T cells, along with those thatbind strongly to such self-peptide–MHC complexes, as thiswould seem a more secure way to avoid autoimmune reac-tions?
At any given time, intestinal crypts of mice com-prise about 15 stem cells and 10 Paneth cells. After celldivision, which occurs about once a day, the daughtercells remain stem cells only if they maintain contact with aPaneth cell. This constant competition for Paneth-cell con-tact raises the possibility that crypts might become mono-clonal over time; that is, the crypt cells at one point in timemight derive from only 1 of the 15 stem cells that existedat some earlier time. To test this possibility, you use theso-called confetti marker that upon activation expressesany one of three fluorescent proteins in the stem cells ofthe crypt. You then examine crypts at various times todetermine whether they contain cells with multiple colorsor only one color (Figure Q22–1). Do the crypts becomemonoclonal over time or not? How can you tell?
What is the defensemechanism that begins towork when inflammation failsto stop an infection?
The function of Th lymphocytes at the immunological synapse is to __________. View Available Hint(s) for Part A strengthen the synapse eliminate the synapse limit the synapse remember the synapse
Whatresults in the specificity of an antibody (i.e. one antibody can bind only one particular antigen)? Whichtype of lymphocyte makes antibodies?