When blood levels of glucose are higher than normal,glucose molecules react with protein side chains such as thatof lysine residues to produced glycated side chains. Explainwhy this process is dangerous. What is the name of the firstfunctional group that is formed during glycation?

Q: When a person cannot digest galactose, its reduced form, called dulcitol, often accumulates in the…

A: Galactitol or dulcitol is sugar alcohol, the reduction product of alcohol. In people with…

Q: Which functional groups (from glycerol and from the fatty acids) are involved in the dehydration…

A: Fats are also known as triacylglycerols. These contain three fatty acids that are attached to the…

Q: Draw the ketose and aldose forms of a monosaccharidewith the chemical formula C3H6O3. How is the…

A: Biomolecules are the biological molecules that are present inside the living organisms. These…

Q: According to health experts, saturated fatty acids, whichcome from animal fats, are a major factor…

A: Fatty acids are one of the important macromolecules needed for the proper functioning of the body…

Q: Using skeletal structures, draw the structure of a simple triacylglyceride containing 1…

A: A triglyceride is an ester derived from glycerol and three fatty acids.

Q: Draw the structure of a triacylglycerol whose components are glycerol and three oleic acid acyl…

A: Triacyl (TAG) glycerol is considered the main constituent of fat in the body. It is constituted of…

Q: 70 degree Celcious is the melting point of stearic acid, and 4 degree Celcius is the melting point…

A: Fatty acids (FA) are the building blocks of the fat present in our bodies or we eat. Fats breakdown…

Q: Why are polyunsaturated omega 3 acids considered as good for our health? Explain such phenomena…

A: Polyunsaturated fatty acids are the acids that have more 2 or more double bonds in the backbone.…

Q: why doesn't hexanes differentiate between a saturated and unsaturated fat or a cis/trans unsaturated…

A: There are different types of extraction methods that use different principles. The different…

Q: Draw the structures of both glucose and galactose in a chain structure and write a short description…

A: Carbohydrates are polyhydoxialdoses ketoses and their derivatives that yield such compounds and…

Q: Steroids are cholesterol-derived, polycyclic, lipid-soluble molecules that are very insoluble in…

A: Steroid hormones play an essential role in water regulation and salt balance, metabolism and stress…

Q: The following is a block diagram for a glycerophospholipid where the building blocks are labeled…

A: Phospholipid is an amphiphatic molecule constructed from four components: fatty acids, a platform…

Q: Is cholesterol the only compound in egg yolks that is soluble in 2-propanol? why or why not?

A: Egg whites are rich in protein and egg yolks are rich in cholesterol and vitamins and fat.

Q: Starch, cellulose, and glycogen are all made up of the same repeating unit. In what way do these…

A: Polysaccharides are polymers or chains of monosacharides bound in linear or branched chain pattern.…

Q: Identify the structure and function of glycogen. Which monosaccharide(s) is (are) the building block…

A: Glycogen is polymer which is formed of multiple units of glucose molecule .It is basically reserved…

Q: Cysteine is the amino acid that participates in disulfide bonds in proteins. True or false?

A: The statement is true. Cysteine is an amino acid that is involved in formation of disulfide bonds…

Q: In the 1970s, a process was developed thatconverts the glucose in corn syrup to its sweeter-tasting…

A: Carbohydrates are biological molecules that contain carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms. Glucose and…

Q: In solution, glucose exists predominantly in the cyclic hemiacetal form, which does not contain an…

A: Glucose is the carbohydrate source. The glucose can be hemiacetal or hemiketal. They are formed when…

Q: Why double bonds of fatty acids in our body are generally in cis for?

A: When hydrogens are present in the same plane, it is known as a cis fat. When the hydrogen atoms are…

Q: What is the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated fattyacid? How do the structural…

A: Fatty acid: Fatty acids are the acids that form a chain of carbon and hydrogen atoms that has a…

Q: A dehydration reaction joins two glucose molecules toform maltose. The formula for glucose is…

A: Glucose is a simple sugar (monosaccharide). Its formula is C6H12O6. It is called hexose sugar as it…

Q: What is the relationship between saturated fatty acids andLDL?

A: The human body produces all the required LDL naturally. Fat is made up of two different molecules,…

Q: . In glycoproteins, what are the three amino acids to whichthe carbohydrate groups are most…

A: Glycoproteins are proteins that contain oligosaccharides linked to the amino acid side chains.…

Q: Classify the fatty acid with the following structural formula in the ways indicated. a. What is the…

A: Lipids  Lipids are a group of compounds that are oily or greasy in nature. They consist of alcohol…

Q: What is the role of cysteine in the structure of the protein?

A: When proteins are synthesized in the body, they must be folded  to what is called the native shape…

Q: Classify the fatty acid with the following structural formula in the ways indicated. COOH a. What is…

A: Fatty acids are organic acids having hydrocarbon chains that end in a carboxylic group ( -COOH).…

Q: Can triacylglycerols contain chiral carbon atoms? If so, which ones are chiral and how is their…

A: Chiral carbon centers are carbon atoms bonded to four distinct substituents and arranged at the…

Q: Complete hydrolysis of a glycerophospholipid yields glycerol, two fatty acids (16:1(Δ9) and 16:0),…

A: Phospholipids are a class of lipids composed of glycerol which carries a hydrophilic polar head…

Q: Glycerolphospholipid head groups include coline, ethanolamine, glycerol and serine. Which of these…

A: Lipids are macromolecules comprised of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon just like carbohydrates but in…

Q: Explain the three-dimensional structure of a saturated triacylglycerol ?

A: Triglycerides- Triglycerides are a type of lipid, or fat, found in your blood. When you eat, your…

Q: Which of the following statements about glycosylation is true?

A: Glycosylation is the process by which sugar are attached to the protein to form glycoproteins…

Q: Which of the following is false about cellulose?

A: Cellulose is a type of carbohydrate that is primarily present in the plants. It is generally not…

Q: Lipids with long saturated fatty acid chains are solid at room temperature true or false ?

A: Lipids are made up of two major molecules known as glycerol and fatty acids. Fatty acids are…

Q: Draw the structure of a triacylglycerol made from two molecules of myristic acid and one molecule of…

A: Triacylglycerol is also known as triacylglycerides, fats, or neutral fats. These are composed of…

Q: The OH group at which carbon atom is involved in ring formation in aldohexose? *

A: Monosaccharides are represented as linear molecules but many  also adopt cyclic structures and this…

Q: Define the term anomeric carbon. In glucose, which carbon is the anomeric carbon?

A: Glucose is a monosaccharide. It contains a carbonyl group and six carbons. It is the primary source…

Q: How does a double bond effect the number of hydrogens found between saturated/unsaturated fatty…

A: Fatty acids may be classified as saturated or unsaturated depending on the presence or absence of…

Q: Identify the structures shown as glycerophospholipids or sphingolipids.

A: Lipids are not polymers. The simplest form of lipid is fatty acids that are a long chain…

Q: Why are polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids considered as good for our health? Explain such…

A: Polyunsaturated fatty acids are consist of double bonds in their structure and these are important…

Q: In the formula for sucrose (structure shown above), the bottom ring is pyranose. True or False?

A: A molecule synthesized by living organisms or cells is referred to as a "biomolecule."…

Q: What are the typical fatty acid chains found in phosphoglycerides, and why do their carbon atom…

A: Phosphoglycerides Glycerol-based phospholipids   Main component of the biological membrane.

Q: Describe the structure of a glycogen molecule. What is the advantage of itsbranched structure?

A: Glycogen is a multibranched polysachharide of glucose that serves as a form of energy storage in…

Q: Glucose-1-phosphate has a ΔG°′ value of −20.9 kJ/mol, whereas that for glucose-6-phosphate is −12.5…

A: Glucose 6 phosphate is the first intermediate of glycolysis. Glucose-1-phosphate is formed by the…

Q: Using skeletal structures, draw the structure of a simple triacylglyceride containing 1…

A: A triglyceride (TG, triacylglycerol, TAG, or triacylglycerol) is an ester made up of glycerol and…

Q: The following structure is sorbose Answer the following questions and briefly explain Is this D or…

A: Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones associated with reducing properties where it was…

Q: DHA is a fatty acid derived from fish oil and an abundant fatty acid invertebrate brains.…

A: One molecule of DHA undergoes ozonolysis to obtain following products.

Q: Draw the structure of a phosphoacylglycerol that contains glycerol, oleic acid, stearic acid, and…

A: Introduction: Lipids are water-insoluble that are not a polymer like other biomolecules such as…

Metabolic pathways

Metabolism is defined as the group of life-supporting, enzyme-mediated chemical reactions in organisms. A metabolic pathway is a set of these chemical reactions that involve anabolism (synthesis of complex biomolecules) and catabolism (breakdown of biomolecules into small molecules) that occur inside a cell. Metabolites are the reacting substances, products, and intermediate substances of an enzymatic process that are altered by a series of chemical events catalyzed by enzymes.