When first exposed to a foreign molecule, are the first class of antibodies generated a. cytokines b. IgG O c. IgM O d. IgA

Q: A person who has been vaccinated against a disease should have primarily which of these types of…

A: Immunology deals with the study of the immune cells that fight against the invading pathogens in the…

Q: Helper T Cells: O A. Are activated by professional antigen presenting cells. OB. Each one has…

A: Helper T cells play a central role in immune responses. They are also known as CD4+ cells. They…

Q: How many types of antibodies are there? (a) Five. (b) Three. (c) Two. (d) Four.

A: Antigens can be proteins, such as cancer cell receptors, sugars on bacterial and viral cell…

Q: The immune system of a person is supressed. He was found positive for a pathogen in the diagnostic…

A: ELISA refers to the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. It is a plate-based assay technique and is…

Q: A Antigens Myeloid cells D Innate Immune System B Barrier defense Vaccines E Antimicrobial F G…

A: Immunity is the ability of the body to fight against the antigen or pathogenic substances by…

Q: Antibody production takes place ina. T cells.b. natural killer cells.c. B cells.d. mast cells.

A: Immunology is the branch of science which deals with the study of the immune system, immune response…

Q: The grouping of blood is based on substances called: A) antibodies B) antigens C) antitoxin D)…

A: Amswer is b.) Antigen.

Q: Which class of antibody accounts for most of the circulating antibodies in the blood? O IgA O IgM O…

A: IgA, IgM, IgE and IgG are the antibodies present in the blood.  IgA present in blood: 10-15% IgM…

Q: The immune system can identify foreign cells in the bloodstream because these foreign cellsa. are…

A: Immunity is defined as the ability of an organism to prevent the entry of harmful microbes in the…

Q: The cross-linkage of antigenic cells by antibodies is known asa. opsonization b. a cross-reaction c.…

A: Antibodies bind with antigen via non-covalent bonds like hydrogen bonds, van der waals interaction.…

Q: The process in which antibodies attach to antigens,causing the formation of masses of linked cells,…

A: Answer is c.)  agglutination.

Q: Theoretically, type _____ blood can be donated to all personsbecause it lacks .a. AB, antibodies b.…

A: Blood grouping is a test of classification of blood based on antigenic surfaces on RBC. When a cross…

Q: An antigen-presenting cell (APC)a. presents antigens to T cells.b. secretes antibodies.c. marks each…

A: Helper T-cells activate B-cells in order to generate antibodies and aid the production of killer…

Q: B cells that produce and release large amounts of antibody are called: a. Memory cells b.…

A: B lymphocytes are thymus-independent cells that express immunoglobulins (see below) on their…

Q: w..*** Antibodies Select one: a. are shaped like the letter B b. assist in destroying particular…

A: An antibody (Ab), otherwise called an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a huge, Y-molded protein utilized by…

Q: The region of an antibody that is the antigen binding site is thea. constant region. b. variable…

A: Proteins that are Y-shaped that fight against the body’s foreign invaders are called Antibodies.…

Q: Monoclonal antibodies recognize a single: a. Antigen b. Bacterium c. Epitope d. B cell

A: Antigens are substances that cause the immune system to create antibodies against them. Antigens are…

Q: 3 4 Some antibodies can be passed from mother to child during breastfeeding. What is this type of…

A: Introduction Antibodies are substances that are produced by the immune cells in response to the…

Q: Which of these offers a nonspecific defense against viral infection? a. Antibodies b. Leukotrienes…

A: There are some living organisms that cannot be observed by the naked eye and only can be seen under…

Q: Antibodies are______ . a. antigen receptors c. proteins b. made only by B cells d.all of the above

A: Antibody  Antibody is the Y shaped molecules that fight with foreign objects or pathogens.

Q: A person with AIDS will probably:(a) Not make antibody(b) Make a response to T-dependent antigens(c)…

A: AIDS stands for Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome. It is a viral disease caused by Human Immuno…

Q: What causes the delay in delayed hypersensitivity?a. inflammation b. cytokine releasec. recruitment…

A: Hypersensitivity involves the higher immune response towards an antigen or antibody. It is of four…

Q: HIV causes immunodeficiency by attackinga. memory B cells. c. plasma cells.b. helper T cells. d.…

A: HIV or Human Immunodeficiency Viruses are types of Lentivirus that infect Humans. Here we will see…

Q: Upon reexposure to a pathogen, a memory B cell can differentiate to which cell type? a. CTL b. naïve…

A: Second line defence or non-specific defence is primarily dependent upon Neutrophils, macrophages and…

Q: ____________ are suspensions of killed or live germs which is employed to induce the production of…

A: Among the given options, option (a) is the most appropriate.It explains that the vaccines are…

Q: The vascular changes of inflammationa. lead to an increase in bacterial cells at the injury site.b.…

A: Answer is option c.)allow plasma proteins to move easily from the bloodstream to theinjury site.

Q: The best definition of an antigen is:(a) A foreign molecule in the body(b) A chemical that elicits…

A: In biology, ‘Immunity’ is known as the capability of resisting the progression of harmful…

Q: Antigen-presenting cells cana. take in foreign antigens.b. process antigens.c. use MHC class II…

A: Immunology is the branch of science which deals with the study of the immune system, immune response…

Q: Small, simple molecules are ___________ antigens.a. poor b. never c. effective d. mosaic

A: Antigen refers to a toxin or other forging substances, like bacteria and viruses, which induce an…

Q: Non-protein antigens are ineffective becase they cant A. Trigger IgM production B. Be used as a…

A: Antigens are any substances with a biological origin and are able to elicit immune reasons by…

Q: Epitope binds to antibodies A.true B.false

A: An epitope, otherwise called antigenic determinant, is the piece of an antigen that is perceived by…

Q: What are the monoclonal antibodies: a) antibodies produced in one animal; b) antibodies delivered in…

A: Antibodies are specialised Y shape proteins that binds  to the foreign invaders -whether they are…

Q: The greatest concentration of antibodies is found in thefraction of the serum.a. gamma globulin b.…

A: Antibodies are large Y shaped protein molecule produced by the plasma cells which is the main agent…

Q: Vhat are antibodies? LA Free floating MHCII B. Free floating TCRS C. Free floating BCRS D. Free…

A: The proteins that bind to the body's foreign invaders are known as antibodies. These protein signal…

Q: Know the major characteristics of the different antibodies (Ab's) Ex. bivalent, highest…

A: There are five kinds of antibodies contributing to the immune system of humans.  These are…

Q: Type B blood antibodies are A. IgE B. IgM C. IgG D. IgD E. IgA

A: In the ABO blood grouping system, a person with blood group A has antigen A on the cells and…

Q: Humans with AB blood-type will produce: a. A and B antibodies b. A and B antigens c. No antigens d.…

A:

Q: Cytotoxic T cells are important in controllinga. virus infections b. allergy c. autoimmunityd. all…

A: There are three major type of T- cells Helper T-cells - These cells helps the other cells of immune…

Q: When a lymphocyte is responsive to an antigen O it will undergo clonal expansion O it will undergo…

A: Introduction In the immune system of jawed vertebrates, a lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell.…

Q: In order for vaccines to work, they rely on buildup of ________. a. memory cells b. APC c.…

A: Immunity is a term refers to the ability of the body to fight against the antigen by producing…

Q: A person with AIDS is likely to develop infectious diseases because the virus that causes AIDS…

A: HIV (Human immunodeficient virus) is an RNA virus belonging to the retrovirus group. The virus…

Q: A person with type O blood has   a.  anti-A antibodies   b.  anti-B antibodies.   c.  anti-O…

A: Introduction The ABO Blood Group System Is A System For Classifying Human Blood Based On The…

Q: which of the following is most prevalent in circulationg blood? a. IgG b. IgM c. heavy chain of…

A: The antibodies are the immunoglobulins, which act as soldiers of the body against the infection…

Q: T cells that react with self antigens are destroyed through: A. cytokinesis b. macrophages c.…

A: The T cells are one of two lymphocytes and play an important role in the immune system. B-cells are…

Defense Mechanism

Circumstances influence and compel people to behave in a certain way. One such behavior is a defense mechanism. It is employed by people to escape from unpleasant circumstances, thoughts and actions. Defense mechanisms are, thus, psychological strategies that help to avert and avoid unwanted feelings such as guilt or shame and situations such as threat and danger.