When pure (distilled) water is consumed, (a) the ECF becomes hypertonic with respect to the ICF. (b) the ECF becomes hypotonic with respect to the ICF. (c) the ICF becomes hypotonic with respect to the plasma. (d) water moves from the ICF into the ECF.

Q: Why do plasma lipoproteins require a protein component toaccomplish their role?

A: Lipoproteins are the complex aggregates of lipids and proteins that render the hydrophobic lipids…

Q: How would you calculate the filtered load and excretion rate of glucose?

A: Filtered load:- The amount of solute transported across the glomerular membrane per unit time.…

Q: What is the difference between a complete compensation, a partial compensation and uncompensated…

A: Compensation refers to the restoring body's pH to the normal range of 7.36 to 7.44. The acid-base…

Q: If an accident victim loses 1 L of blood, why would an intravenous infusion of a liter of plasma be…

A: Intravenous therapy is a medical procedure that explicitly releases a liquid into the vein of a…

Q: Compare the locations of intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF).

A: Intracellular Fluid (ICF)  : It is form inside the cell membrane. Comprises cytosol.  concentration…

Q: What is the plasma pH range?

A: The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. The readings are based around a pH of 7, which is neutral, like…

Q: Describe how the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, antidiuretic hormone, and atrial natriuretic…

A: RAAS system or renin-angiotensin system is a system that regulates fluid and blood pressure. When…

Q: What three stimuli control vasopressin secretion? What is the most potent stimulus for vasopressin…

A: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is also known as vasopressin. ADH is a peptide hormone produced by the…

Q: What does saturation refer to?

A: Saturation refers to the degree or extent to which a substance is dissolved or absorbed compared…

Q: Explain how is acid-base balance normally regulated?

A: The body's balance between acidity and alkalinity is referred to as acid-base balance.

Q: What does major incretins include?

A: Answer- Incretins are the group of hormones that help in lowering the blood glucose levels.

Q: Describe the response of the renin-angiotensinaldosterone hormone mechanism to a decrease in…

A: The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is an endocrine hormone system that functions to…

Q: What creates the osmotic pressure gradient between the plasma and the interstitial fluid?

A: The net pressure that drives reabsorption, the movement of fluid from the interstitial fluid back…

Q: Describe mechanisms involved in regulating sodium balance, blood volume, and blood pressure.

A: The human body is made of different organ systems, and each of them is involved in maintaining the…

Q: What are the normal quantities (in milliliters per liter) for each form in arterial blood?

A: the normal quantities (in milliliters per liter) for each form in arterial blood  are :

Q: How does a protein freely float in plasma?

A: Introduction:- Plasma is the liquid part of the blood, which makes 50% of the blood content. It is…

Q: Explain why and how sodium balance, ECF volume, and blood pressure are jointly regulated.

A: 1)Aldosterone-In the filtrate the reabsorption of sodium increases and in the kidney, K+ is…

Q: What is the renin-angiotensin system?

A: this system is present in the kidney

Q: What are the two types of carbonic anhydrase found in the kidney?

A: Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the conversion of carbon dioxide and carbonic acid. It is found in the…

Q: What is the effect of no vasopressin and maximum vasopressin concentration in the blood?

A: Vasopressin is also known as anti-diuretic hormone. Vasopressin is a peptide hormone produced in the…

Q: In hindsight, which aspects of the HMP were well controlled forand which were not?

A: Hexose monophosphate shunt or the pentose phosphate pathway is a biochemical process happening…

Q: What are the effects of no vasopressin and maximum vasopressin concentration in the blood?

A: The vasopressin in our blood helps in reducing the portal blood flow and variceal pressure. The…

Q: Explain the relationship between arterial PCO2 and pH values?

A: By measuring CO2 partial pressure in patients, we can recognize the intensity of ill. pCO2 is the…

Q: Explain the effect of no vasopressin and maximum vasopressin concentration in the blood?

A: Vasopressin is an antidiuretic  peptide hormone formed in the hypothalamus . They are transported to…

Q: Explain why respiration does not normally influence acid-base balance.

A: Introduction: Respiration discharges energy from glucose so life cycles can continue. Aerobic…

Q: Is there a medullary salt gradient? How is that created?

A: The medullary concentration gradient is a physiological process, which produces a concentration…

Q: Explain why proteins can readily travel through plasma, but lipids cannot?

A: PLASMA MEMBRANE: It is the biological membrane that separates the interior of the cell from the…

Q: How do blood proteins impact fluid movement?

A: Introduction: Blood consist of the proteins albumin and globulins are found in blood.the protein…

Q: if the osmolarity of plasma increases what would happen to the size of a red blood cell? Would it…

A: Osmolarity and osmolality of the blood is determinant of various physiological processes. It is…

Q: Which current is used in electroporation?

A: Cell membranes are semi-permeable. This means that they cannot allow entry of everything across them…

Q: Which do you think would have the most serious effect,and why—a 5 mEq/L increase in the plasma…

A: Electrolytes refer to the essential mineral that possesses many biological effects on the human…

Q: Would adding salt to the body’s extracellular fluids increase or decrease osmotic thirst?

A: Osmotic thirst is also known as intracellular dehydration (water loss). It is activated when the…

Q: What regulates water and electrolyte movement between plasma and interstitial fluids? Across cell…

A: The body comprises several fluids that circulate in the body. The interstitial fluids are the fluids…

Q: How does a compensated acid-base disturbance differ from an uncompensated acid-base imbalance?

A:

Q: What are the sources of plasma electrolytes?

A: Electrolytes carry electric charges in our bodies. The ions such as sodium, chloride, potassium,…

Q: What is one ion in ECF & ICF and role in body?

A: The system that involves all fluid contained in cells by their plasma membranes is the intracellular…

Q: Which two abnormalities in plasma are key features of an uncompensated metabolic alkalosis? An…

A: Key features of an uncompensated metabolic alkalosis are an increase in blood pH and an increase in…

Q: What is the intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF)?

A: A semi-permeable membrane separates the extracellular fluid (ECF) from the intracellular fluid…

Q: A patient with liver disease is unable to synthesize plasma proteins. What happens to the colloid…

A:

Q: What is atrial natriuretic factor?

A: There are several hormones which play an active part in the regulation of kidney functions.

Q: What impact would isotonic saline have on the amount of red blood cells present in plasma, and what…

A: Enzymes are protein molecules that aid in the speeding up of chemical processes. Enzyme, in other…

Q: What is meant by the term osmoregulation?

A: Organism is any individual entity that embodies the properties of life. Organisms are classified by…

Q: what is the importance of osmoregulation in matintaining body homeostasis?

A: The term "osmoregulation" describe the water balance in the body. It is a very important process…

Q: 12.49.Explain why it is essential that fl uids used in intravenous injections have approximately the…

A: Intravenous fluids (IVFs) are one of the most used medical procedures for resembling physiologic…

Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.