Where do the high-energy electrons come from in cellular respiration (what is the source)? Where do the high-energy electrons go in cellular respiration (what is the terminal electron acceptor)?

Q: How are the metabolic pathways different in lactic acid fermentation and ethanol fermentation?

A: Lactic acid fermentation as well as alcoholic fermentation both occurs in absence or lack of oxygen.…

Q: In which reaction does an intermediate pathway become oxidized?   Which step consists of a…

A:

Q: What part of the electron transport chain is responsible for the greatest contribution to oxidative…

A: Protein complexes are present in the inner membrane of mitochondria forming an electron transport…

Q: When hydrogen ions flow across the membrane through the molecular turbine (ATP synthase), is this…

A: Movements can be active or passive, active if they need energy and passive if they donot.

Q: What is the first step in the catabolism of an amino acid to intermediates of cellular respiration

A: Introduction: Cellular respiration is the process by which the chemical energy of food is converted…

Q: How does the rotation of the c ring lead to the synthesis of ATP?

A: ATP synthase has two subunits namely Fo and F1. The subunits are linked by central γϵ stalk and a…

Q: how does oxidative phosphorylation differ from substrate-level phosphorylation

A: Phosphorylation is a biochemical process that invokes the addition of phosphate to an organic…

Q: How does flux through the pentose phosphate pathway change in response to the need for NADPH or…

A: Pentose phosphate pathway is a metabolic pathway parallel to glycolysis. It generates NADPH and…

Q: Which reaction in cellular respiration produces energy through substrate-level phosphorylation?…

A: Free energy is required by every organism for growth and maintenance and normal functioning of the…

Q: What causes the rotation of the γ subunit of the ATP synthase? Howdoes this rotation promote ATP…

A: ATP synthase  complexes are an essential component of the cell that are responsible for the proton…

Q: How many ATP's are formed per molecule of NADH and FADH2? How would a different number of subunits…

A: ATP also called adenosine tri phosphate is the energy currency of the cell and stores energy in the…

Q: Which mechanisms may be used to reverse a high NADH:NAD+ ratio in the cytosol under anaerobic…

A: The process through which an organism receives energy is known as cellular respiration. Cellular…

Q: This pertains to cellular respiration. What is the final electron acceptor in ETC? After this final…

A: Electron transport chain consists of a series of complexes (electron transporters) found embedded in…

Q: Other than the half channels in the C-ring, what other transporters use protons during ATP…

A: Animal cells produce ATP by cellular respiration, whereas plant cells produce carbohydrates through…

Q: How does the difference between NADH and NADPH affect the reactions in which they are involved?

A: Both NADH and NADPH are coenzymes involved in the oxidation-reduction process. The structural…

Q: How can ADP be recycled again to form ATP?

A: To understand how ADP can by recycled back, we need to first understand how ATP is converted to ADP.…

Q: How would DCMU affect formation of ATP? Of NADPH? Explain.

A: DCMU is a very specific and sensitive inhibitor of photosynthesis. It blocks the QB plastoquinone…

Q: What is the terminal electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?

A: Respiration is a process found in organisms which helps them make energy using food molecules.

Q: During which steps in the cells’ harvesting of chemical energy do substrate level phosphorylation…

A: ATP(adenosine triphosphate) is a high energy phosphate molecule that carries energy in its bond.…

Q: What is the maximum number of ATP molecules produced in the electron transport chain from a single…

A: Electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of complexes that transfer electrons from the electron…

Q: What is the final electron acceptor in cyclic electron flow?

A: The final electron acceptor in cyclic electron flow is oxygen. Oxygen accepts the electrons after…

Q: What is the terminal electron acceptor in photo- phosphorylation?

A: By activating PSII, photophosphorylation converts ADP into ATP by absorbing the energy of sunlight.…

Q: High-energy electrons from molecules of NADH and FADH2 are transferred to a chain of proteins within…

A: The electron transport chain, also known as the respiratory chain, is found in the mitochondrion's…

Q: What structure in the cell links the proton motive force to ATPsynthesis? How does it function?

A: Introduction: In cell, the plasma or cytoplasmic membrane of the mitochondria that's energized by…

Q: In the second reaction of the pentose phosphate pathway that generates NADPH, What are the…

A: The pentose phosphate pathway also called the hexose monophosphate shunt is an alternative pathway…

Q: When 12 molecules of glucose enter glycolytic pathway, how much NADH molecules are prdouced?

A: Glycolysis is the process where one mole of glucose is oxidized into two moles of pyruvate and…

Q: What are the by-products of cellular respiration in animals? What are the by-products of…

A: Cellular respiration is the set of metabolic processes and reactions that occur inside the living…

Q: If oxygen is not available for the electron transport chain, how is the Krebs cycle affected? What…

A: Aerobic respiration takes place in the mitochondria and requires oxygen and glucose, and produces…

Q: How does the difference between NADH and NADPH affect the reactions in which they are involvedd?

A: NADH and NADPH are two types of reaction intermediates often seen in biochemical reactions. There…

Q: . Which of the two compounds could accept electrons from NADH? . Which of the two compounds could…

A: Redox potential is the measurement of the affinity of a given molecule towards electron.

Q: How does the presence of cristae in the mitochondrial membrane increase the productivity of aerobic…

A: In eukaryotes, the aerobic stages of cellular respiration take place in cellular organelle named…

Q: What is the sequence of the flow of most energy during cellular respiration?

A: Cellular respiration involves many chemical reactions.  The flow of energy takes place in a…

Q: How is the energy that is poured into the ETS translated into generation of ATP?

A: The process through which an organism receives energy is known as cellular respiration. Cellular…

Q: What is the final electron acceptor for aerobic organisms?  What does this mean?

A: Aerobic respiration needs oxygen. It is the release of large amount of energy in cells by breakdown…

Q: what is the transmembrane protein responsible for ATP synthesis during both photosynthesis and…

A: ATP provides energy to drive various processes in living systems like nerve impulse propagation,…

Q: To form malate, what does NADH in the mitochondrial matrix serve as? Electron donor or acceptor?

A: The body needs the energy to carry out processes. Energy comes from food which gives glucose which…

Q: What is the order of the electron transport chain starting from FADH2 and ending with Oxygen

A: The energy released during the oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide generates NADH and FADH2. The…

Q: What essential compound is produced in the pentose phosphate pathway that is needed for synthesis as…

A: The Pentose Phosphate pathway also called hexose monophosphate shunt or phosphogluconate pathway,…

Q: What serves as the terminal electron acceptor in aerobic respiration, alcoholic fermentation and…

A: Cellular respiration may be of two types- aerobic and anaerobic. Aerobic respiration occurs in the…

Q: Which complexes of the electron transport system are able to catalyze the synthesis of ATP from ADP…

A: The electron transport chain includes an array of protein complexes that allow the transfer of…

Q: What is the balanced equation of cellular respiration?

A: The mechanism by which organisms use oxygen to break down food molecules in order to obtain chemical…

Q: What is the oxidize form of NADPH and what is the reduce form of NADP?

A: In cells, complex metabolic reactions are found to be dependent on certain higher energy molecules.…

Q: At which site in the mitochondrion and chloroplast do the ATPmolecules collect after being made by…

A: The respiratory chain is the final “processing mill” for electrons and protons. Overall, the…

Q: Which mechanisms may be used to reverse a high NADH:NAD* ratio in the cytosol under anaerobic…

A: Alcohol Metabolism -- Alcohol --Alcohol the group of compounds which have a general formula R -OH…

Q: Both mitochondria and chloroplasts use a proton gradient to drive ATP synthesis, but in different…

A: Peter D. Mitchell proposed this chemiosmotic theory in 1961. He received the Nobel prize in 1978 for…

Q: What is the pathway called froman alternative pathway branching from glycolysis that is used when…

A: Glycolysis is a catabolic pathway in which glucose will be oxidized to 2 molecules of pyruvate.…

Modes of Nutrition

It is a biological process of providing or obtaining food that is necessary for growth and health. It includes many physiological processes - absorption, ingestion, assimilation, catabolism, excretion, etc. In biology, the science that deals with nutrition's physiological and chemical processes are called "nutritional science."