Which class of enzymes catalyzes the following reactions? CH2 CH2- CH2 AST CH2- CH2 CH-NH + c=0 + + C=0 + CH-NH ČO0 ČO0 coo Aspartate Oxoglutarate Oxaloacetate Glutamate
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- Based on your knowledge of the structure of NAD+ and an assumption that coenzyme dissociation is the rate limiting step of the alcohol dehydrogenase mechanism, hypothesize why a N249W mutation at the coenzyme binding site would increase the rate of catalysis.The reaction catalyzed by glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase involves two "sub-reactions", one of which is unfavourable. How is the energy barrier of this unfavourable sub reaction overcome? A. through the formation and hydrolysis of a thioester bond using a cysteine molecule in the enzyme B. through the hydrolysis of an ATP molecule C. through the hydrolysis of a thioester bond in the substrate molecule D. the enzyme catalyzes the formation of a thioester bond E. none of these explanations describe how the energy barrier is overcome Please answer asapThe glycine cleavage system is a group of four enzymes that together catalyze the following reaction: Use the following information to determine the sequence of reactions carried out by the glycine cleavage system:a. The first enzyme is a PLP-requiring decarboxylase.b. The second enzyme is aminomethyltransferase. This enzyme has a lipoate coenzyme.c. The third enzyme synthesizes N5,N10-methylene-THF and also forms +NH4.d. The fourth enzyme is an FAD-requiring enzyme.e. The cleavage system also requires NAD+ .
- Select the following enzymes that utilize a mechanism where ATP serves as the phosphate donor. Select ALL that apply: a) glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase b) hexokinase c) aldolase class 1 d) PFK e) phosphoglucoisomeraseEach of the following enzymes catalyzes what sort of reaction?citrate decarboxylase (a. citrate decarboxylase) (b. citrate decarboxyoxalate reductase (b)c. transaminase of serineSelect the following enzymes that utlize a mechanism involving covalent catalysis. Select ALL that apply: a) aldolase class 1 b) glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase c) aldolase class 2 d) triose phosphate isomerase e) hexokinase
- The krebs cycle has 8 enzymes: citrate synthase, aconitase, isocitrate dehyrogenase, a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, succinyl –CoA synthease, succinate dehyrogenase, fumarase and malate dehyrogenase. a)Write name the cofactors required by each enzyme reaction. b)For each enzyme determine which of the following deascribes the type of reactions catalyzed: condensation (Carbon-carbon bond formation), dehydration (Loss of water), hydration (addition of water), decarboxylation (loss of CO2), oxidation-reduction; subsrate level phospohorylation; isomerization.In the liver, fructose can be converted into glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate without passing through the phosphofructokinase-regulated reaction. Show the reactions that make this conversion possible. Why might ingesting high levels of fructose have deleterious physiological effects?Select the following enzymes that utilize a mechanism where an enediol intermediate is formed. Check all that apply: a)phosphoglucoisomerase b)triose phosphate isomerase c)aldolase d) glyceraldehyde 3-P dehydrogenase e) hexokinase
- In a Lineweaver-Burk graph, the lines representing the uninhibited and inhibited enzyme catalyzed reaction meet each other on the x-axis. The type of inhibition which is occurring is: a) competitive b) noncompetitive c) uncompetitive d) allosteric CO2 exerts direct activity upon hemoglobin by: a) blocking oxygen from binding to the heme group b) displacing BPG from the central cavity c) oxidizing Fe+2 to Fe+3 which does not bind oxygen d) forming an N-terminal carbamate which favors the T-state The dominant motif found in hemoglobin and myoglobin is: a) helix-turn-helix b) twisted beta sheet c) beta barrel d) random coil Which of these is an ketohexose? a) fructose b) glucose c) ribose d) erythrose Which of these is a constitutional isomer of d-glucose? a) fructose b) galactose c) l-glucose d) ribose Which of these is an enantiomer of d-glucose? a) d-fructose b) d- galactose c) l-glucose d) d-ribose Which of these is a diastereomer of…With regard to the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme reaction:a) Write the mechanism of the reaction.b) What two enzyme intermediates are involved? One undergoes an oxidation-reduction step.What is oxidized and what is reduced? How are the electrons transferred? The secondintermediate has some different chemistry than usual esters. Comment.c) What factors are operating here to bring about the catalysis that this enzyme carries out?d) The product of this reaction is “rather special”. CommentWhich reaction in the citric acid cycle is most analogous to the oxidative decarboxylation of 6- phosphogluconate to ribulose 5-phosphate? What kind of enzymebound intermediate is formed in both reactions?